Sleep disorders are a common problem during childhood. The consequences are variable, and sleep disorders can influence medical, psychological and developmental aspects of the growing child. It is important to recognize sleep disorders and to treat them correctly. We discuss common sleep disorders during childhood using the 3rd edition of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders. We analyze the different sleep disorders from a clinical approach and provide an overview of adequate treatment options.Conlusion: This review discusses common sleep disorders during childhood using the 3rd edition of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders. We analyze the different sleep disorders from a clinical approach and provide an overview of adequate treatment options. What is known: • Sleep disorders are a common problem during childhood. • The consequences are variable, and sleep disorders can influence medical, psychological, and developmental aspects of the growing child. What is new: • Pediatricians should routinely screen for sleep and sleep disorders. • It is important to recognize sleep disorders and to treat them correctly.

Sleep disorders during childhood: a practical review.

Background In a large UK study we investigated the relationship between smartphone addiction and sleep quality in a young adult population Methods We undertook a large UK cross-sectional observational study of 1043 participants aged 18 to 30 between January 21st and 30th February 2019 Participants completed the Smartphone Addiction Scale Short Version, an adapted Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Score Index and reported smartphone use reduction strategies using both in-person (n=968) and online (n=75) questionnaires A crude and adjusted logistic regression was fitted to assess risk factors for smartphone addiction, and the association between smartphone addiction and poor sleep Results 1071 questionnaires were returned, of which 1043 participants were included, with median age 211 (interquartile range (IQR) 19-22) 763 (732%) were female, and 406 reported smartphone addiction (389%) A large proportion of participants disclosed poor sleep (616%), and in those with smartphone addiction, 687% had poor sleep quality, compared to 571% of those without Smartphone addiction was associated with poor sleep (aOR=141, 95%CI:106-187, p=0018) Conclusions Using a validated instrument, a large minority of young adults reported smartphone addiction Smartphone addiction was associated with poor sleep, independent of duration of usage, indicating that length of time should not be used as a proxy for harmful usage Funding The study was not funded

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The Association Between Smartphone Addiction and Sleep: A UK Cross-Sectional Study of Young Adults.

Influence of social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity in children: A scoping review of the literature

Risk and protective factors and processes for behavioral sleep problems among preschool and early school-aged children: A systematic review

The impact of screen‐based devices on children's health and development cannot be properly understood without valid and reliable tools that measure screen time within the evolving digital landscape. This review aimed to summarize characteristics of measurement tools used to assess screen time in young children; evaluate reporting of psychometric properties; and examine time trends related to measurement and reporting of screen time. A systematic review of articles published in English across three databases from January 2009 to April 2020 was undertaken using PROSPERO protocol (registration: CRD42019132599) and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Included articles measured screen time as outcome, exposure, or confounder in children 0–6 years. The search identified 35,868 records, 1035 full‐text articles were screened for eligibility, and 622 met inclusion criteria. Most measures (60%) consisted of one to three items and assessed duration of screen time on a usual day. Few measures assessed content (11%) or coviewing (7%). Only 40% of articles provided a citation for the measure, and only 69 (11%) reported psychometric properties—reliability n = 58, validity n = 19, reliability and validity n = 8. Between 2009 and 2019, the number of published articles increased from 28 to 71. From 2015, there was a notable increase in the proportion of articles published each year that assessed exposure to mobile devices in addition to television. The increasing number of published articles reflects increasing interest in screen time exposure among young children. Measures of screen time have generally evolved to reflect children's contemporary digital landscape; however, the psychometric properties of measurement tools are rarely reported. There is a need for improved measures and reporting to capture the complexity of children's screen time exposures.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/obr.13260

Measurement of screen time among young children aged 0-6 years: A systematic review.

Changes in sleep patterns and disturbances in children and adolescents in Italy during the Covid-19 outbreak.

Several studies over the years have demonstrated the association between lack of sleep in children and certain physical, psychological, and behavioral disorders. The aim of this study was to disentangle the association between new screen-based electronic devices and sleep problems in toddlers, adjusting for other covariates already known to be associated with sleep quality. We conducted a cross-sectional study with the aid of a national sample of 1117 toddlers. Parents reported children’s sleeping habits such as total sleep time and sleep onset latency, recreational activities, bedtime routines, and temperament. An ordered logistic regression was run to assess the associations between new media exposure and two sleep outcomes (total sleep time and sleep onset latency). Everyday use of a tablet or smartphone raised the odds of a shorter total sleep time (OR 1.95 [1.00–3.79], p < 0.05) and a longer sleep onset latency (OR 2.44 [1.26–4.73] p < 0.05) irrespective of other factors, such as temperament (restlessness, sociability), or traditional screen exposure (watching TV or playing videogames). Conclusion: New media usage is a factor associated in toddlers with sleeping fewer hours and taking longer to fall asleep, irrespective of other confounding factors.

Sleep and new media usage in toddlers.

Study Objectives: The impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on sleep of participants with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was assessed. Methods: Parents of 111 children and adolescents with ASD filled out...

Mattia Doria

Papers

Changes in sleep patterns and disturbances in children and adolescents in Italy during the Covid-19 outbreak.

Sleep and new media usage in toddlers.

Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on sleep in children with autism spectrum disorders.