Nusselt number analysis from a battery pack cooled by different fluids and multiple back-propagation modelling using feed-forward networks

A novel technique for multi-objective optimization of thermal management in battery system using hybrid Genetic algorithm and Fuzzy logic is developed. Secondly, Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm combined with Fuzzy logic is also proposed for the same. The combined algorithms and fitness function for fitness evaluation is written in-house C code. For the thermal performance fitness evaluation, realistic conjugate heat transfer condition at the battery and coolant interface is adopted. The objective functions are average Nusselt number, friction coefficient, and maximum temperature. Maximizing one causes proportional increase in another, hence to achieve a moderate condition of better Nusselt number with low pumping power cost and temperature within allowable limits, these algorithms assist in optimization. Five different independent operating parameters are selected for the Multi-objective optimization and brief results are presented. The Fuzzy logic membership functions adopted can be easily modified/selected by the user to suite the battery thermal problem at hand and to assign weight to each fitness function. The fitness function obtained using the proposed multi-objective optimization technique are closer and indicate safe temperature of battery with enhanced Nusselt number and minimum friction coefficient. The maximum multi-objective fitness obtained after normalization is 0.9.

Multi-objective optimization of thermal performance in battery system using genetic and particle swarm algorithm combined with fuzzy logics

A numerical study was carried out to examine the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of micropolar fluid on a shrinking surface in the presence of both Joule heating and viscous dissipation effects. The governing system of non-linear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) was obtained from the system of partial differential equations (PDEs) by employing exponential transformations. The resultant equations were transformed into initial value problems (IVPs) by shooting technique and then solved by the Runge–Kutta (RK) method. The effects of different parameters on velocity, angular velocity, temperature profiles, skin friction coefficient, and Nusselt number were obtained and demonstrated graphically. We observed that multiple solutions occurred in certain assortments of the parameters for suction on a surface. The stability analysis of solutions was performed, and we noted that the first solution was stable while the remaining two solutions were not. The results also showed that the velocity of the fluid increased as the non-Newtonian parameter rose in all solutions. Furthermore, it was detected that the temperature of fluid rose at higher values of the Eckert number in all solutions.

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/1/142/pdf

Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Flow of Micropolar Fluid with Effects of Viscous Dissipation and Joule Heating Over an Exponential Shrinking Sheet: Triple Solutions and Stability Analysis

Marangoni hybrid nanofluid flow over a permeable infinite disk embedded in a porous medium

A lightweight, highly corrosive resistant, and high-strength wrought alloy in the aluminum family is the Aluminium 8006 alloy. The AA8006 alloy can be formed, welded, and adhesively bonded. However, the recommended welding methods such as laser, TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas welding), and ultrasonic are more costly. This investigation aims to reduce the cost of welding without compromising joint quality by means of friction stir welding. The aluminum alloy-friendly reinforcement agent zirconia is utilized as particles during the weld to improve the performance of the newly identified material AA8006 alloy in friction stir welding (FSW). The objectives of this research are to identify the level of process parameters for the friction stir welding of AA8006 to reduce the variability by the trial-and-error experimental method, thereby reducing the number of samples needing to be characterized to optimize the process parameters. To enhance the quality of the weld, the friction stir processing concept will be adapted with zirconia reinforcement during welding. The friction stir-processed samples were investigated regarding their mechanical properties such as tensile strength and Vickers microhardness. The welded samples were included in the corrosion testing to ensure that no foreign corrosive elements were included during the welding. The quality of the weld was investigated in terms of its surface morphology, including aspects such as the dispersion of reinforced particles on the welded area, the incorporation of foreign elements during the weld, micro defects or damage, and other notable changes through scanning electron microscopy analysis. The process of 3D profilometry was employed to perform optical microscopy investigation on the specimens inspected to ensure their surface quality and finish. Based on the outcomes, the optimal process parameters are suggested. Future directions for further investigation are highlighted.

/pdf/experimental-investigation-of-the-friction-stir-weldability-2dhcdgzoi8.pdf

Experimental Investigation of the Friction Stir Weldability of AA8006 with Zirconia Particle Reinforcement and Optimized Process Parameters.

. This paper presents the results of an experimen-tal investigation carried out to control the base pressure ina suddenly expanded axi-symmetric passage. Active con-trol in the form of micro jets was employed to control thebase pressure. Air injection at four locations at the base,symmetric to the nozzle axis was used as the active con-trol. The jet Mach numbers at the entry to the suddenlyexpanded duct studied were 1.87, 2.2 and 2.58. The arearatio of the present study was 2.56. The length-to-diameterratio of the suddenly expanded duct varied from 10 to 1.Nozzles generating the above jet Mach numbers were oper-ated with nozzle pressure ratio (NPR) in the range 3 to 11.In addition to base pressure, wall pressure ﬁeld along theduct was also studied. It is found that the active control inthe form of blowing through small oriﬁces (micro jets) areeffective in controlling the base pressure ﬁeld. As high as65 percent increase in base pressure was achieved for cer-tain combination of parameters of the present study. Microjets do not disturb the ﬂow ﬁeld in the enlarged duct.Keywords. Base Pressure, Mach Number, L/D Ratio,Micro Jets.PACS

Control of base flows with micro jets

In this investigation, biodiesel was produced from Moringa oleifera oil through a transesterification process at operating conditions including a reaction temperature of 60 °C, catalyst concentration of 1% wt., reaction time of 2 h, stirring speed of 1000 rpm and methanol to oil ratio of 8.50:1. Biodiesel blends, B10 and B20, were tested in a compression ignition engine, and the performance and emission characteristics were analyzed and compared with high-speed diesel. The engine was operated at full load conditions with engine speeds varying from 1000 rpm to 2400 rpm. All the performance and exhaust pollutants results were collected and analyzed. It was found that MOB10 produced lower BP (7.44%), BSFC (7.51%), and CO2 (7.7%). The MOB10 also reduced smoke opacity (24%) and HC (10.27%). Compared to diesel, MOB10 also increased CO (2.5%) and NOx (9%) emissions.

Experimental Analysis of Engine Performance and Exhaust Pollutant on a Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine Operated Using Moringa Oleifera Biodiesel

Heat Transfer in Porous Media: A Mini Review

This article discusses the solution strategy to be adopted to solve the heat transfer in porous media having viscous dissipation effect. The solution strategy is based on finite element methodology being adopted to solve the equations. An iteratively procedure is used in order to predict the heat transfer behavior of porous medium confined in a square domain with heating and cooling of vertical walls.

Finite element solution strategy for viscous dissipation in porous medium

This study is undertaken to investigate the effect of segmental heating on the porous annulus having embedded with two solid walls at two radii. The heat transfer from hot surface to cold surface is analyzed with respect to half of the annulus being heated at inner radius and outer radius subjected to cooling temperature. The appropriate governing equations are solved numerically using finite element method. It is found that the thermal conductivity ratio of two solids being implanted on annulus plays a vital role in determining the heat transfer behavior of whole domain.

Maughal Ahmed Ali Baig

Papers

Control of base flows with micro jets

Experimental Analysis of Engine Performance and Exhaust Pollutant on a Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine Operated Using Moringa Oleifera Biodiesel

Heat Transfer in Porous Media: A Mini Review

Finite element solution strategy for viscous dissipation in porous medium

Partial heating at upper section of annulus subjected to conjugate heat transfer in porous annulus