Preface to the Princeton Landmarks in Biology Edition vii Preface xi Symbols Used xiii 1. The Importance of Islands 3 2. Area and Number of Speicies 8 3. Further Explanations of the Area-Diversity Pattern 19 4. The Strategy of Colonization 68 5. Invasibility and the Variable Niche 94 6. Stepping Stones and Biotic Exchange 123 7. Evolutionary Changes Following Colonization 145 8. Prospect 181 Glossary 185 References 193 Index 201

The Theory of Island Biogeography

http://amborella.net/2010PlantSystematics/DATA/3-24-APG%202003%20Bot%20J%20Linn%20Soc%20APGII.pdf

An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II

▪ Abstract As better phylogenetic hypotheses become available for many groups of organisms, studies in community ecology can be informed by knowledge of the evolutionary relationships among coexisting species. We note three primary approaches to integrating phylogenetic information into studies of community organization: 1. examining the phylogenetic structure of community assemblages, 2. exploring the phylogenetic basis of community niche structure, and 3. adding a community context to studies of trait evolution and biogeography. We recognize a common pattern of phylogenetic conservatism in ecological character and highlight the challenges of using phylogenies of partial lineages. We also review phylogenetic approaches to three emergent properties of communities: species diversity, relative abundance distributions, and range sizes. Methodological advances in phylogenetic supertree construction, character reconstruction, null models for community assembly and character evolution, and metrics of community ...

/pdf/phylogenies-and-community-ecology-52euwskuu7.pdf

Phylogenies and Community Ecology

Perp. punya vol. X. Flowering plant, eudicots : sapindales, cucurbitales, myrtaceae. Perp.punya: 1eks.

The Families And Genera Of Vascular Plants

I. the origin of species by means of natural selection

Summary


Orchis purpurea Huds., lady orchid, is described and illustrated. Details of its relationships, pollination biology, distribution and conservation status are presented. Cultivation and propagation are discussed.

806. orchis purpurea

Naturalized populations of Epidendrum L. are found on a rocky hillside in Nuuanu-Pali and Olomana in the Koolau Mountains of Oahu, Hawaii. Scanning electron micrographs were taken to observe polymorphism among the pollinia, petals, leaves, and root tips of two Epidendrum specimens (one naturalized specimen from Nuuanu-Pali and one cultivated specimen in the greenhouse). SEM images of pollen from the naturalized Epidendrum revealed a length of 830.31 μm and a width of 462.58 μm. Pollen length from the cultivated cultivar, by comparison, was 724.60 μm and the width 276.17 μm. Differing cell structures on the lower surface of the petals were also observed. Polyhedral concave cells with numerous fossae (pits) were seen on the naturalized cultivar and elongated flattened cells on the cultivated one. Transections of the leaf of the naturalized specimen were much thinner (546.33 μm) compared to the thickness of the cultivated cultivar leaf (1505.83 μm), which contained more spongy parenchyma cells. A thinner root tip (1094.19 μm) was seen in the naturalized cultivar, as opposed to 1636.34 μm in the cultivated specimen. To compare relationships between these two specimens along with ten other unknown Epidendrum cultivars, we sequenced the plastid trnL-F gene region and conducted parsimony analysis among the naturalized Epidendrum from Nuuanu-Pali At least six changes separated these specimens into two clades. Shorter and longer plastid simple sequence repeats (cpSSR) from the rps16-trnK region support separation of the five Epidendrum genotypes evaluated into these two groups, including a naturalized Epidendrum from Olomana.

/pdf/sem-and-phylogenetic-analysis-of-naturalized-and-cultivated-4v6va6keel.pdf

Sem and phylogenetic analysis of naturalized and cultivated Epidendrum in Hawaii

Genomic, spatial and morphometric data for discrimination of four species in the Mediterranean Tamus clade of yams (Dioscorea, Dioscoreaceae).

Sorbus rupicola, ROCK WHITEBEAM, is described and illustrated. It is one of the most widespread apomictic polyploids in the genus. Its origin within Sorbus subgenus Aria is still not clear, but it is an important parent of hybridogenic taxa throughout its range. Notes on propagation and cultivation are also included. 

1047. SORBUS RUPICOLA: Rosaceae

With a history dating back to the sixteenth century, modern botanic gardens have had an important role in plant conservation, most notably since the second half of the twentieth century. The formation of Botanic Gardens Conservation International in the 1980s and the development of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation have led to many botanic gardens across the world now having conservation as a major focus. The combination of historical collections and expertise in areas including plant taxonomy, population genetics, propagation and seed banking mean that botanic gardens are ideally placed to play a major role in ex situ and in situ plant conservation. Maintaining living collections of the rarest species in botanic gardens has been a way of saving these from extinction, albeit often in isolation from the other organisms (plants, animals and fungi) with which they would interact in nature.



Key Concepts 

Approximately 20% of the world's plants are threatened with extinction.
Botanic gardens play a major role in ex situ and in situ plant conservation.
Botanic Gardens Conservation International is an umbrella group of more than 500 gardens in approximately 100 countries.
The Global Strategy for Plant Conservation has resulted in many gardens becoming more involved in conservation as a major part of their activities.
The rarest plants find a secure home in botanic gardens and seed banks.
Botanic gardens need to practise vigilance to avoid the introduction of invasive species.




Keywords:

botanic gardens;
seed banking;
ex situ conservation;
in situ conservation;
restoration;
integrated conservation

Michael F. Fay

Papers

806. orchis purpurea

Sem and phylogenetic analysis of naturalized and cultivated Epidendrum in Hawaii

Genomic, spatial and morphometric data for discrimination of four species in the Mediterranean Tamus clade of yams (Dioscorea, Dioscoreaceae).

1047. SORBUS RUPICOLA: Rosaceae

Plant Conservation and Botanic Gardens