Showing papers by "Michael Grätzel published in 1994"
TL;DR: In this article, forward biasing of transparent nanocryst is proposed to enhance the electrochromic process of lithium ion-contg. morphol. of the film plays a role in enhancing the electron accumulation and Li+ intercalation in anatase lattice.
Abstract: Forward biasing of transparent nanocryst. TiO2 (anatase) films in lithium ion-contg. org. electrolytes leads to rapid and reversible coloration due to electron accumulation and Li+ intercalation in the anatase lattice. Absorption of >90% light throughout the visible and near IR can be switched on an off with a few seconds. The nanocryst. morphol. of the film plays role in enhancing the electrochromic process.
172 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the fundamental problems concerning nanocryst were discussed from a mol. perspective and for example quantum chem. calcns on small TiO2 clusters can be used to describe local surface states.
77 citations
TL;DR: In this article, at least three distinct linearly bound carbonyl species are identified in the adsorption of CO2 or CO2 + H2 over Ru RuO x TiO 2 catalyst.
77 citations
Patent•
02 May 1994TL;DR: A compound in metal-free or metal complex form of formula (1) to (3) in which R is hydrogen or C1-30 alkyl; X is hydrogen, halogen (preferably Cl or Br) or C 1-30 Alkyl.
Abstract: A compound, in metal-free or metal complex form of formula (1) to (3) in which R is hydrogen or C1-30 alkyl; X is hydrogen, halogen (preferably Cl or Br) or C1-30 alkyl.
68 citations
TL;DR: The LPI-ARTICLE-1994-005 article as discussed by the authors was published in 1994 and is available on the Web of Science Record (WRSR) since 2006-02-21, modified on 2017-05-12
67 citations
Patent•
28 Dec 1994TL;DR: In this paper, a photoanode consisting of at least one polycrystalline titanium dioxide layer on a conductive substrate, a counter-electrode and an electrolyte positioned between these electrodes is presented.
Abstract: A cell including a photoanode consisting of at least one polycrystalline titanium dioxide layer on a conductive substrate, a counter-electrode and an electrolyte positioned between these electrodes, at least one of said electrodes being transparent or translucent. The electrolyte includes an oxidation-reduction system which is liquid at room temperature. The first species of the pair making up the oxidation-reduction system advantageously consists of an electrochemically active salt having a melting point below room temperature, and optionally being dissolved in at least one electrochemically inactive salt also having a melting point below room temperature.
49 citations
Patent•
28 Dec 1994TL;DR: In this article, a photoanode consisting of at least one polycrystalline titanium dioxide layer on a conductive substrate, a counter-electrode and an electrolyte positioned between these electrodes is presented.
Abstract: A cell including a photoanode consisting of at least one polycrystalline titanium dioxide layer on a conductive substrate, a counter-electrode and an electrolyte positioned between these electrodes, at least one of said electrodes being transparent or translucent. The electrolyte includes an oxidation-reduction system which is liquid at room temperature. The first species of the pair making up the oxidation-reduction system advantageously consists of an electrochemically active salt having a melting point below room temperature, and optionally being dissolved in at least one electrochemically inactive salt also having a melting point below room temperature.
39 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed a molecular photovoltaic device based on the sensitization of nanocrystalline films by transition metal charge transfer sensitizers, achieving an overall efficiency of 10% for solar energy conversion to electricity.
33 citations
TL;DR: Peptides corresponding to the second and third cytoplasmic loop, as well as the N-terminal part of the carboxy terminus, were effective in preventing Gs binding to the activated receptor.
28 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, hydrogen was photoproduced from dissolved hydrogen sulphide in aqueous solutions of ethanolamines (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), and triethanolamine (TEA) containing vanadium sulphide suspensions.
Abstract: Hydrogen was photoproduced from dissolved hydrogen sulphide in aqueous solutions of ethanolamines (monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA) and triethanolamine (TEA)) containing vanadium sulphide suspensions. The UV-visible spectra of these photochemical mixtures, saturated with hydrogen sulphide, were examined. An iodine lamp (100 W) was used as the irradiation source. The rates of production of hydrogen were studied as a function of the irradiation time, at different vanadium sulphide concentrations for each ethanolamine at room temperature. MEA has a higher conversion value for H 2 S and is more stable than the other two amines. Arrhenius activation energies were calculated for the temperature range 30–80 °C and a mechanism was suggested for this system.
21 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the photoanodic breakdown of LiClO 4 and LiBF 4 solutions in propylene carbonate and acetonitrile has been studied by in-situ Fourier transform IR spectroscopy.
TL;DR: The consideration of a model for redox surfactant‐GOD interaction where three mechanisms may operate is considered, first, a selective interaction of mediators with the GOD active site; second, a nondenaturing association of short‐chain mediators; and third, a nonsurfactant mediation above the CMC.
Abstract: Reference LPI-ARTICLE-1994-010doi:101002/bit260440403View record in Web of Science Record created on 2006-02-21, modified on 2017-05-12
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented a method for the extraction of the structure of the LPI-ARTICLE-1994-035 (LPI-Article-1994/035).
TL;DR: The number of purified human B-lymphocytes in blood samples was determined with a piezoelectric immunosensor byobilizing an anti-B-cell antibody layer onto a 10 MHz-AT cut crystal.
01 Mar 1994
TL;DR: In this article, three distinct linearly bound carbonyl species are identified in the adsorption of CO 2 or CO 2 + H 2 over RuO x /TiO 2 catalyst.
Abstract: At least three distinct linearly bound carbonyl species are identified in the adsorption of CO 2 or CO 2 + H 2 over Ru---RuO x /TiO 2 catalyst. The relative concentration and the growth of these species depend on metal oxidation state, presence of hydrogen, reaction temperature, and duration of exposure. The presence of preadsorbed or coadsorbed hydrogen promotes formation of x173-1 type species, the RuO x -(CO) ad species develop only on prolonged exposure to a dose of CO 2 or CO 2 + H 2 . The oxygen or the hydrogen ligand bonded to ruthenium facilitates C---O bond scission. The widely reported lower temperature requirement for the CO 2 methanation reaction as compared to that of CO is attributed to the high reactivity of nascent carbonyl species which give methane directly via "active" carbon formation. As shown earlier (Gupta et al., J. Catal. 137, 437 (1992)), the CO methanation requires multistep transformations, making the process energy intensive, particularly in the 300-450 K temperature range. The studies using 2 H and 13 C labeled adsorbates helped in the identification of oxygenated surface species having vibrational bands in the 1000-1800 cm -1 region. These species are regarded as inactive side products formed on the support and/or at the Ru-support interfaces.
01 Jan 1994