Prospective Cohort Study

Lincoln, Yvonna, and Egon Guba, "Postpositivism and the Naturalist Paradigm," pp. 14-46 in Yvonna Lincoln and Egon Guba, Naturalistic Inquiry . Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 1985.*

Secret History: Return of the Black Death Channel 4, 7-8pm In 1348 the Black Death swept through London, killing people within days of the appearance of their first symptoms. Exactly how many died, and why, has long been a mystery. This Secret History documentary follows experts as they pick through the evidence and reveal why the plague killed on such a scale. And they ask, what might be coming next?

Medscape

1. Introduction and Overview. 2. Detecting Influential Observations and Outliers. 3. Detecting and Assessing Collinearity. 4. Applications and Remedies. 5. Research Issues and Directions for Extensions. Bibliography. Author Index. Subject Index.

Regression Diagnostics: Identifying Influential Data and Sources of Collinearity

https://www.commed.vcu.edu/Chronic_Disease/2012/cochranrvwrschbias.pdf

The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials

Palliative medications : drugs for neuropathic pain.

Aim To determine the strengths and limitations of current approaches used in economic analyses of advanced cancer care. Methods We conducted a systematic review of EMBASE, AMED, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and MEDLINE from inception to June 2010 using search terms advanced or terminal illness, cancer, and cost or economic studies. We included studies that reported economic evaluations using decision analytical models, within patients with advanced cancer, with any intervention and published in English. We extracted data on health system context, model type, model time horizon and model outcomes. Results 28 papers were eligible for inclusion, the majority of these were undertaken in Europe or USA. 17 Markov models and 10 decision trees were identified. Most (z) models used lifetime horizons but (x) used curtailed horizons without any clear rationale between studies for time horizon selected. Model outcomes varied; most used quality of life (QOL), but some used survival, and one estimated the likelihood of effective pain management. Measurement of QOL was the most commonly cited limitation in all models. (Z) studies relied on healthcare professionals9 valuations of QOL rather than patients9 own valuations. Conclusion We found no consistent model type or time horizon used in studies assessing cost effectiveness of interventions in advanced cancer. In models with shorter durations, additional future costs such should be considered such as those related to further operative procedures, or palliative treatments. The validity of these models may be weakened by using utility values that are not derived directly from patients with advanced cancer.

Determining cost-effectiveness of advanced cancer care: a systematic review of economic models

Retrospective case note review (phase 5)

The EQ-5D and Short Form (SF)12 are widely used generic health-related quality of life (HRQoL) question

Michael I. Bennett

Papers

Palliative medications : drugs for neuropathic pain.

Determining cost-effectiveness of advanced cancer care: a systematic review of economic models

Retrospective case note review (phase 5)

3 Estimating the burden of disease in chronic pain with and without 4 neuropathic characteristics: Does the choice between the EQ-5D

The McGill Pain Questionnaire as an exploratory instrument in discriminant analyses of pain description: limitations in a pain clinic.