Data Mining Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a widely used solid state joining process for soft materials such as aluminium alloys because it avoids many of the common problems of fusion welding. Commercial feasibility of the FSW process for harder alloys such as steels and titanium alloys awaits the development of cost effective and durable tools which lead to structurally sound welds consistently. Material selection and design profoundly affect the performance of tools, weld quality and cost. Here we review and critically examine several important aspects of FSW tools such as tool material selection, geometry and load bearing ability, mechanisms of tool degradation and process economics.

Review: friction stir welding tools

Emerging trends in manufacturing such as light weighting, increased performance and functionality increases the use of multi-material, hybrid structures and thus the need for joining of dissimilar materials. The properties of the different materials are jointly utilised to achieve product performance. The joining processes can, on the other hand be challenging due to the same different properties. This paper reviews and summarizes state of the art research in joining dissimilar materials. Current and emerging joining technologies are reviewed according to the mechanisms of joint formation, i.e.; mechanical, chemical, thermal, or hybrid processes. Methods for process selection are described and future challenges for research on joining dissimilar materials are summarized.

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Joining of dissimilar materials

https://cyberleninka.org/article/n/403409.pdf

A review of numerical analysis of friction stir welding

Friction stir welding/processing of metals and alloys: A comprehensive review on microstructural evolution

Nucleation and propagation of { 101¯2} twins in AZ31 magnesium alloy

A review of friction stir welding of steels: tool, material flow, microstructure, and properties

Friction stir welding was investigated as a viable process for joining thin aluminum sheets in order to manufacture tailored blanks. In the present study three alloys were tested: 5182-O, 5754-O, and 6022-T4. All three of these alloys are being used to fabricate stamped automotive parts. The gas tungsten arc welding process has been used to make aluminum-tailored welded blanks industrially, so results using this process were compared to FSW results. Blanks of the same gage of all three alloys were welded and then evaluated using tensile and formability testing. The 5xxx series alloys had similar tensile ductility and formability regardless of the welding process. However, the 6022-T4 sheets joined using friction stir welding had better formability than those joined using gas tungsten arc welding because friction stir welding caused less softening in the heat-affected zone.

Formability and strength of friction-stir-welded aluminum sheets

Twinning in magnesium alloy AZ31B under different strain paths at moderately elevated temperatures

The present invention provides an end closure for a container having a central panel wall with a displaceable tear panel defined by a frangible score with a sloping segment and a non-frangible hinge segment. A tab is attached to the panel wall by a rivet, the tab having a nose extending over a portion of the tear panel, a lift end opposite the nose, and a central webbing with a hinge region and a rivet island surrounding the rivet. A bead is formed entirely in an exposed area of the central panel formed by a void region of the webbing. The invention further provides a score with a first scoreline segment with a vent region and a second curvilinear scoreline segment extending from the first segment toward the panel outer edge portion. The nose of the tab has a generally asymmetric shaped outer edge with a first portion and a second portion, the second portion extending further over the tear panel toward the curvilinear transition zone than the first portion of the nose. The invention further provides a tab with an asymmetrical thickness, with a thickened portion being adjacent the second scoreline segment, and further provides an end having a bead segment positioned under a side portion of the tab nose adjacent the second segment of the score. The present invention also provides an end with a tab having a central longitudinal axis and a webbing with a hinge region adapted to bend at a hinge line when a lifting force is applied to the lift end of the tab to provide a leverage force by the nose against the tear panel, the hinge line intersecting the central longitudinal axis of the tab at an oblique angle. The invention also provides a stepped profile of the panel outer edge with a countersink having substantially parallel walls and a chuck wall angularly extending from below the panel height to the curl.

Michael P. Miles

Papers

Nucleation and propagation of { 101¯2} twins in AZ31 magnesium alloy

A review of friction stir welding of steels: tool, material flow, microstructure, and properties

Formability and strength of friction-stir-welded aluminum sheets

Twinning in magnesium alloy AZ31B under different strain paths at moderately elevated temperatures

End closure with improved openability