The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) is an independent organization devoted to the development of standards.

American Society for Testing and Materials

Stable non-Gaussian random processes , by G. Samorodnitsky and M. S. Taqqu. Pp. 632. £49.50. 1994. ISBN 0-412-05171-0 (Chapman and Hall).

The flow of homogeneous fluids through porous media: analogies with other physical problems

Recent advances in molecular biology have extended our understanding of the metabolic processes related to microbial transformation of petroleum hydrocarbons. The physiological responses of microorganisms to the presence of hydrocarbons, including cell surface alterations and adaptive mechanisms for uptake and efflux of these substrates, have been characterized. New molecular techniques have enhanced our ability to investigate the dynamics of microbial communities in petroleum-impacted ecosystems. By establishing conditions which maximize rates and extents of microbial growth, hydrocarbon access, and transformation, highly accelerated and bioreactor-based petroleum waste degradation processes have been implemented. Biofilters capable of removing and biodegrading volatile petroleum contaminants in air streams with short substrate-microbe contact times ( 2 S and sulfoxides from petrochemical waste streams. Microbes also have potential for use in removal of nitrogen from crude oil leading to reduced nitric oxide emissions provided that technical problems similar to those experienced in biodesulfurization can be solved. Enzymes are being exploited to produce added-value products from petroleum substrates, and bacterial biosensors are being used to analyze petroleum-contaminated environments.

Recent Advances in Petroleum Microbiology

http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/242609.pdf

Seawater intrusion processes, investigation and management: Recent advances and future challenges

Shale gas is kind of unconventional natural gas production from hydrocarbon rich shale forma- tions. In recent years, advances in horizontal drilling and in hydraulic fracturing, and rapid increases in natural gas prices as a result of significant supply and demand pressures have made shale gas production economically viable today. Following the shale gas revolution in the U.S., China began its first shale gas project in Sichuan province last November after an agreement signed between Royal Dutch Shell PLC and PetroChina. The shale gas brings huge economic benefit and significantly impacts the nation's energy de- mands, however, according to a recent Temple University Summit about the shale gas development, some great environmental challenges exist during the shale gas extraction. This paper reflects our concerns for unbalanced shale gas development in China. Laws and regulations along with the drilling technologies and facilities should serve to reduce environmental impacts of gas development and to guarantee the sustain- able development of energy and environment in China.

/pdf/environmental-impacts-of-shale-gas-extraction-in-china-gs7uq8p3k0.pdf

Environmental Impacts of Shale Gas Extraction in China

Numerical Study of Solute Transport in Heterogeneous Beach Aquifers Subjected to Tides

The movement of oil under non-breaking waves

Improved understanding of the character of an uncontrolled pipeline flow is critical for the estimation of the oil discharge and droplet size distribution both essential for evaluating oil spill impact. Measured oil and gas properties at the wellhead of the Macondo255 and detailed numerical modeling suggested that the flowwithin the pipe could have been “churn,”whereby oil and gas tumble violently within the pipe and is different from the bubbly flow commonly assumed for that release. The churn flow would have produced 5 times the energy loss in the pipe compared to bubbly flow, and its plume would have entrained 35% more water than that of the bubbly flow. Both findings suggest that the oil discharge in Deepwater Horizon could have been overestimated, by up to 200%. The resulting oil droplet size distribution of churn flow is likely smaller than that of bubbly flow.

https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2017GL076606

Was the Deepwater Horizon Well Discharge Churn Flow? Implications on the Estimation of the Oil Discharge and Droplet Size Distribution

the Effects of the Circulation and Synthetic Dispersants on the Subsea Oil Transport” P et al. use regional circulation and transport models to simulate the transport of oil from the Macondo well blowout, and conclude that subsurface dispersants may not have been particularly helpful in keeping oil submerged. They reach this conclusion because, without treatment, their assumed droplet sizes were already sufficiently small that much of the oil would have stayed submerged anyway. However this conclusion is based on a model of initial droplet sizes that we do not believe is appropriate. Their characteristic droplet size d (eq S3 in the Supporting Information) comes from Boxall et al. who studied water droplets stirred into oil in a reactor. For droplets larger than the Kolmogorov length scale, Boxall et al. found that standard Weber number scaling applied, or

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/es4034099

Michel C. Boufadel

Papers

Environmental Impacts of Shale Gas Extraction in China

Numerical Study of Solute Transport in Heterogeneous Beach Aquifers Subjected to Tides

The movement of oil under non-breaking waves

Was the Deepwater Horizon Well Discharge Churn Flow? Implications on the Estimation of the Oil Discharge and Droplet Size Distribution

Comment on “Evolution of the Macondo Well Blowout: Simulating the Effects of the Circulation and Synthetic Dispersants on the Subsea Oil Transport”