With digital equipment becoming increasingly networked, either on wired or wireless networks, for personal and professional use alike, distributed software systems have become a crucial element in information and communications technologies. The study of these systems forms the core of the ARLES' work, which is specifically concerned with defining new system software architectures, based on the use of emerging networking technologies. In this context, we concentrate on the study of distributed systems which bring to life the vision of ubiquitous computing systems, also known as ambient intelligence.

반도체 공정 overview

ECOLOGY/EVOLUTION: Phenotypic Plasticity

Broad-scale studies of climate change effects on freshwater species have focused mainly on temperature, ignoring critical drivers such as flow regime and biotic interactions. We use downscaled outputs from general circulation models coupled with a hydrologic model to forecast the effects of altered flows and increased temperatures on four interacting species of trout across the interior western United States (1.01 million km2), based on empirical statistical models built from fish surveys at 9,890 sites. Projections under the 2080s A1B emissions scenario forecast a mean 47% decline in total suitable habitat for all trout, a group of fishes of major socioeconomic and ecological significance. We project that native cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii, already excluded from much of its potential range by nonnative species, will lose a further 58% of habitat due to an increase in temperatures beyond the species' physiological optima and continued negative biotic interactions. Habitat for nonnative brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis and brown trout Salmo trutta is predicted to decline by 77% and 48%, respectively, driven by increases in temperature and winter flood frequency caused by warmer, rainier winters. Habitat for rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, is projected to decline the least (35%) because negative temperature effects are partly offset by flow regime shifts that benefit the species. These results illustrate how drivers other than temperature influence species response to climate change. Despite some uncertainty, large declines in trout habitat are likely, but our findings point to opportunities for strategic targeting of mitigation efforts to appropriate stressors and locations.

https://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs_other/rmrs_2011_wenger_s001.pdf

Flow regime, temperature, and biotic interactions drive differential declines of trout species under climate change [includes Supporting Information]

 EBS: o Pre-1985: Simple projections of current survey nos. at age o 1985: Projections based on 1979-1985 survey nos. at age o 1986-1991: ad hoc separable age-structured model o 1992: Stock Synthesis 1 (SS1), with age-based data  Strong 1989 cohort “disappears;” production ageing ceased o 1993-2003: SS1, with length-based data only o 2001: CIE review of code for proposed “ALASKA” (Age-, Length-, and Area-Structured Kalman Assessment) model and methodology for decision-theoretic estimation of OFL and ABC  Although review was favorable, use of ALASKA was postponed “temporarily” o 2004: SS1, with lengthand age-based data  New age data, based on revised ageing protocol  Agecomp data used in “marginal” form  GOA: o Pre-1988: MSY = 0.5  M  current survey biomass o 1988-1993: Stock reduction analysis (Kimura et al. 1984) o 1994-2004: SS1, with length-based data  Main features of SS1 models (EBS and GOA):  Start year = 1977  Three seasons (Jan-May, Jun-Aug, Sep-Dec)  Four fisheries (Jan-May trawl, Jun-Dec trawl, longline, pot)  M constant at 0.37 in both BS and GOA  Q constant at 1.00 in both BS and GOA  Efforts at internal estimation of M, Q unsuccessful  Double-logistic selectivity for all fleets (fisheries and survey)  No fleets constrained to exhibit asymptotic selectivity  Sizecomp input sample size = square root of true sample size  Survey index standard deviations set to values reported by RACE Division

https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/xmlui/bitstream/1957/22654/1/Clam%20Ab%20Planting%201976b.pdf

National Marine Fisheries Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Due to the global rise of the human population, one of the top-most challenges for poor and developing nations is to use the food produces safely and sustainably. In this regard, the storage of surplus food (and derived products) without loss of freshness, nutrient stability, shelf life, and their parallel efficient utilization will surely boost the food production sector. One of the best technologies that have emerged within the last twenty years with applications in the packaging of food and industrial materials is the use of green mode-based synthesized nanoparticles (NPs). These NPs are stable, advantageous as well as eco-friendly. Over the several years, numerous publications have confirmed that these NPs exert antibacterial, antioxidant, and antifungal activity against a plethora of pathogens. The storage in metal-based NPs (M-NPs) does not hamper the food properties and packaging efficiency. Additionally, these M-NPs help in the improvement of properties including freshness indicators, mechanical properties, antibacterial and water vapor permeability during food packaging. As a result, the nano-technological application facilitates a simple, alternate, interactive as well as reliable technology. It even provides positive feedback to food industries and packaging markets. Taken together, the current review paper is an attempt to highlight the M-NPs for prominent applications of antimicrobial properties, nanosensors, and food packaging of food items. Additionally, some comparative reports associated with M-NPs mechanism of action, risks, toxicity, and overall future perspectives have also been made.

/pdf/metal-based-nanoparticles-sensors-and-their-multifaceted-57g7xkarjw.pdf

Metal-based nanoparticles, sensors, and their multifaceted application in food packaging.

https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/ja/2020/ja_2020_vose_002.pdf

Climate change effects on biodiversity, ecosystems, ecosystem services, and natural resource management in the United States

/pdf/ecological-and-management-implications-of-climate-change-1tx0f8fg4d.pdf

Michelle D. Staudinger

Papers

Climate change effects on biodiversity, ecosystems, ecosystem services, and natural resource management in the United States

Ecological and Management Implications of Climate Change Induced Shifts in the Phenology of Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus)