Ming Ji

TL;DR: A major accomplishment of the recently completed Tropical Ocean-Global Atmosphere (TOGA) Program was the development of an ocean observing system to support seasonal-to-interannual climate studies.

TL;DR: An improved forecast system has been developed for El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) prediction at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction as mentioned in this paper, incorporating vertical variation in the first-guess error variance.

TL;DR: In this paper, a new National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) numerical seasonal forecast system is described, which is aimed at a next-generation numerical seasonal prediction in which focus is placed on land processes, initial conditions, and ensemble methods, in addition to the tropical SST forcing.

TL;DR: A dynamical model-based ocean analysis system has been implemented at the National Meteorological Center (NMC), which is used to provide retrospective and routine weekly analyses for the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this article, the performance of five ENSO prediction systems is examined: Two are dynamical [the Cane-Zebiak simple coupled model of Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory and the nonsimpie coupled models of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP]), one is a hybrid coupled model (the Scripps Institution for Oceanography-Max Pla...