One-dimensional TiO2 (1D TiO2) nanomaterials with unique structural and functional properties have been extensively used in various fields including photocatalytic degradation of pollutants, photocatalytic CO2 reduction into energy fuels, water splitting, solar cells, supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries. In the past few decades, 1D TiO2 nanostructured materials with a well-controlled size and morphology have been designed and synthesized. Compared to 0D and 2D nanostructures, more attention has been paid to 1D TiO2 nanostructures due to their high aspect ratio, large specific surface area, and excellent electronic or ionic charge transport properties. In this review, we present the crystal structure of TiO2 and the latest development on the fabrication of 1D TiO2 nanostructured materials. Besides, we will look into some critical engineering strategies that give rise to the excellent properties of 1D TiO2 nanostructures such as improved enlargement of the surface area, light absorption and efficient separation of electrons/holes that benefit their potential applications. Moreover, their corresponding environmental and energy applications are described and discussed. With the fast development of the current economy and technology, more and more effort will be put into endowing TiO2-based materials with advanced functionalities and other promising applications.

A review of one-dimensional TiO2 nanostructured materials for environmental and energy applications

Graphene, an atomically thin two-dimensional carbonaceous material, has attracted tremendous attention in the scientific community, due to its exceptional electronic, electrical, and mechanical properties. Indeed, with the recent explosion of methods for a large-scale synthesis of graphene, the number of publications related to graphene and other graphene based materials has increased exponentially. Particularly the development of easy preparation methods for graphene like materials, such as highly reduced graphene oxide (HRG) via reduction of graphite oxide (GO), offers a wide range of possibilities for the preparation of graphene based inorganic nanocomposites by the incorporation of various functional nanomaterials for a variety of applications. In this review, we discuss the current development of graphene based metal and metal oxide nanocomposites, with a detailed account of their synthesis and properties. Specifically, much attention has been given to their wide range of applications in various fields, including electronics, electrochemical and electrical fields. Overall, by the inclusion of various references, this review covers in detail the aspects of graphene-based inorganic nanocomposites.

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Graphene based metal and metal oxide nanocomposites: synthesis, properties and their applications

Two-dimensional (2D) layered inorganic nanomaterials have attracted huge attention due to their unique electronic structures, as well as extraordinary physical and chemical properties for use in electronics, optoelectronics, spintronics, catalysts, energy generation and storage, and chemical sensors Graphene and related layered inorganic analogues have shown great potential for gas-sensing applications because of their large specific surface areas and strong surface activities This review aims to discuss the latest advancements in the 2D layered inorganic materials for gas sensors We first elaborate the gas-sensing mechanisms and introduce various types of gas-sensing devices Then, we describe the basic parameters and influence factors of the gas sensors to further enhance their performance Moreover, we systematically present the current gas-sensing applications based on graphene, graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), functionalized GO or rGO, transition metal dichalcogenides, layered II

Gas sensing in 2D materials

Wearable electronics is expected to be one of the most active research areas in the next decade; therefore, nanomaterials possessing high carrier mobility, optical transparency, mechanical robustness and flexibility, lightweight, and environmental stability will be in immense demand. Graphene is one of the nanomaterials that fulfill all these requirements, along with other inherently unique properties and convenience to fabricate into different morphological nanostructures, from atomically thin single layers to nanoribbons. Graphene-based materials have also been investigated in sensor technologies, from chemical sensing to detection of cancer biomarkers. The progress of graphene-based flexible gas and chemical sensors in terms of material preparation, sensor fabrication, and their performance are reviewed here. The article provides a brief introduction to graphene-based materials and their potential applications in flexible and stretchable wearable electronic devices. The role of graphene in fabricating ...

Flexible Graphene-Based Wearable Gas and Chemical Sensors

This review critically examines the current state of graphene reinforced metal (GNP-MMC) and ceramic matrix composites (GNP-CMC) The use of graphene as reinforcement for structural materials is motivated by their exceptional mechanical/functional properties and their unique physical/chemical characteristics This review focuses on MMCs and CMCs because of their technological importance for structural applications and the unique challenges associated with developing high-temperature composites with nanoparticle reinforcements The review discusses processing techniques, effects of graphene on the mechanical behaviour of GNP-MMCs and GNP-CMCs, including early studies on the tribological performance of graphene-reinforced composites, where graphene has shown signs of serving as a protective and lubricious phase Additionally, the unique functional properties endowed by graphene to GNP-MMCs and GNP-CMCs, such as enhanced thermal/electrical conductivity, improved oxidation resistance, and excellent bi

Graphene reinforced metal and ceramic matrix composites: a review

A novel NiO/carbon nanotube (CNT)/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) composite with a coaxial tubular nanostructure was successfully deposited on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) through electrochemical processes. The outer PEDOT matrix has a high affinity for biomolecules, while the CNT inner layer has a strong electron-transport capacity. Hence, the NiO/CNT/PEDOT/GCE was used for the simultaneous determination of dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), and tryptophan (Trp). Electrochemical responses of the NiO/CNT/PEDOT/GCE sensor were investigated by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and differential pulse voltammetry. Three well-separated oxidation peaks were observed in a mixed system containing DA, 5-HT, and Trp; the 5-HT–DA and Trp–5-HT potential separations were 160 and 324 mV, respectively, owing to the synergistic effect of NiO, CNT, and PEDOT. Linear responses were obtained for DA, 5-HT, and Trp in the 0.03–20, 0.3–35, and 1–41 μM concentration ranges, with detection limits of 0.026, 0.063, and 0.210 μM, respectively. In addition, it was possible to simultaneously determine the three analytes using the NiO/CNT/PEDOT composite, which suggests that the sensor has promising applicability.

Electrodeposition synthesis of a NiO/CNT/PEDOT composite for simultaneous detection of dopamine, serotonin, and tryptophan

Fabrication of polyaniline nanowire/TiO2 nanotube array electrode for supercapacitors

One-dimensional (1D) MgO nanostructures of various morphologies including tadpole-like nanobelts (tadpoles), nanobelts, and nanorods were synthesized via direct current (DC) arc plasma jet chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The effect of morphology on the biosensing properties of the nanostructures was investigated by comparing their electrochemical properties. Compared with tadpoles and nanorods, the MgO nanobelts had excellent electrocatalytic activity toward ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA). The response of the MgO nanobelts to the analytes was twice that of the tadpoles. A MgO nanobelt-modified electrode was thus fabricated for the simultaneous determination of AA, DA, and UA. The peak separations between AA and DA, DA and UA, and AA and UA for this electrode were 111, 161, and 272 mV, respectively. The linear response ranges of the electrodes were 2.5–15 and 25–150 μM for AA, 0.125–7.5 μM for DA, and 0.5–3 and 5–30 μM for UA. The calculated detection limits were 0.2, 0.05, and 0.04 μM (S/N = 3), respectively. The excellent electrocatalytic activity of the MgO nanobelts can be attributed to various surface defects such as low-coordination anions (O5C2− and O4C2− at the terrace and edge sites, and O3C2− at the corner and kink sites). Additionally, electron tunneling between these surface defects is possible. These defects have a strong adsorption capacity toward AA, DA, and UA. This affinity improves sensitivity and decreases the detection limits of the MgO nanobelt electrodes.

Electrochemical biosensor based on one-dimensional MgO nanostructures for the simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid, dopamine, and uric acid

Electrochemical immunosensors with AuPt-vertical graphene/glassy carbon electrode for alpha-fetoprotein detection based on label-free and sandwich-type strategies

Mingji Li

Papers

Electrodeposition synthesis of a NiO/CNT/PEDOT composite for simultaneous detection of dopamine, serotonin, and tryptophan

Fabrication of polyaniline nanowire/TiO2 nanotube array electrode for supercapacitors

Electrochemical biosensor based on one-dimensional MgO nanostructures for the simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid, dopamine, and uric acid

Electrochemical immunosensors with AuPt-vertical graphene/glassy carbon electrode for alpha-fetoprotein detection based on label-free and sandwich-type strategies

Direct growth of Al-doped ZnO ultrathin nanosheets on electrode for ethanol gas sensor application