Probability Distributions.- Linear Models for Regression.- Linear Models for Classification.- Neural Networks.- Kernel Methods.- Sparse Kernel Machines.- Graphical Models.- Mixture Models and EM.- Approximate Inference.- Sampling Methods.- Continuous Latent Variables.- Sequential Data.- Combining Models.

Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning

An overview of the self-organizing map algorithm, on which the papers in this issue are based, is presented in this article.

The Self-Organizing Map

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) constitute a class of flexible nonlinear models designed to mimic biological neural systems. In this entry, we introduce ANN using familiar econometric terminology and provide an overview of ANN modeling approach and its implementation methods. † Correspondence: Chung-Ming Kuan, Institute of Economics, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Taipei 115, Taiwan; ckuan@econ.sinica.edu.tw. †† I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the editor, Professor Steven Durlauf, for his patience and constructive comments on early drafts of this entry. I also thank Shih-Hsun Hsu and Yu-Lieh Huang for very helpful suggestions. The remaining errors are all mine.

Artificial neural networks

An introduction to heat transfer

Solar Engineering Of Thermal Processes

In a recent work, I. Gutman and B. Furtula posed the structure of trees with a single highdegree vertex and smallest ABC index [1]. Here we provide a family of trees with smaller ABC index in one case of their conjectures. The smallest tree violating the Gutman-Furtula conjecture has 312 vertices.

On Trees with Minimal Atom Bond Connectivity Index

India is a country with developing mixed economy and requires a huge amount of energy to complete industrial as well as daily social need of its countrymen. Majority of its energy demand is going to be fulfill by coal based power plants. The country is heavily reliant on coal used as a primary fuel in power plant. However, the use of coal at higher level polluting the environment in a continuous manner. Alone, India’s power sector is responsible for half of all CO2 emission in the nation and therefore a serious attention is required in this direction to reduce (GHG) emissions in the environment. Presently, Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) act as a bridging technology and a viable option for coal fired power plants to extract CO2. But, still in India the adoption of CCS in coal fired power plant is poor. In UNFCCCs Paris Summit, India committed to reduce its carbon intensity by 30%–33% by 2030. The present study deals with the scenario of CCS with various challenges and its implementation efforts in India.

Status of carbon capture and storage in India’s coal fired power plants: A critical review

1 Faculty of Mechanical of engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran 2 Aerospace Engineering Department, Shahid Sattari Aeronautical University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran 3 Università degli Studi di Parma, Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Architettura, Parma 43124, Italy 4 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara-144411 Punjab, India

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Applications of nanofluids in geothermal: A review

Water scarcity and environmental impacts of blowdown within steam power plants are among the important growing concerns. In order to solve these problems, applying a zero liquid discharge (ZLD) system for treating the brine of the power plants and reusing this water is crucial. In this study, the process of a ZLD system is evaluated by using energy and exergy analyses. The ZLD system was designed to recover brines to demineralize water, which consists of four main parts including vacuum evaporator, roots pump, heat exchanger, and circulation pump. The effects of the dimensional and operating parameters on the freshwater flow rate, exergy efficiency, and the consumption power are investigated. When volume of the evaporator is 7 m3, with increase in total evaporation time from 1 to 3 h, total power consumption decreased from 106.16 to 99.52 kW h and freshwater production reduced from 5914.62 to 2048.52 L h−1. The amount of produced freshwater flow rate is independent of the recirculating flow rate and is a function of the evaporator’s volume. Therefore, in volumes of 3, 5, and 7 m3, the produced freshwater flow rate is constant at about 1300, 2200, and 3070, respectively. Also, the results showed that when increasing the concentration of the brine in the range of 2000–30,000 ppm, the flow rate of the produced freshwater decreases from 3377 to 2911 L h−1 and the total power consumption reduced from 113.28 to 96.42 kW h. Moreover, by increasing the volume of vacuum evaporator, freshwater flow rate rises. Increasing the freshwater flow rate has a dramatic influence on the early working cycles. Since the evaporation is a cyclic process, the exergy efficiency of the roots pump and heat exchanger improves, while the exergy efficiency of the vacuum evaporator decreases versus increasing working cycles.

Mohammad Hossein Ahmadi

Papers

On Trees with Minimal Atom Bond Connectivity Index

Status of carbon capture and storage in India’s coal fired power plants: A critical review

Applications of nanofluids in geothermal: A review

Energy, Exergy analysis and performance evaluation of a vacuum evaporator for solar thermal power plant Zero Liquid Discharge Systems

Thermodynamic model to study a solar collector for its application to Stirling engines