Probability Distributions.- Linear Models for Regression.- Linear Models for Classification.- Neural Networks.- Kernel Methods.- Sparse Kernel Machines.- Graphical Models.- Mixture Models and EM.- Approximate Inference.- Sampling Methods.- Continuous Latent Variables.- Sequential Data.- Combining Models.

Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning

An overview of the self-organizing map algorithm, on which the papers in this issue are based, is presented in this article.

The Self-Organizing Map

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) constitute a class of flexible nonlinear models designed to mimic biological neural systems. In this entry, we introduce ANN using familiar econometric terminology and provide an overview of ANN modeling approach and its implementation methods. † Correspondence: Chung-Ming Kuan, Institute of Economics, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Taipei 115, Taiwan; ckuan@econ.sinica.edu.tw. †† I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the editor, Professor Steven Durlauf, for his patience and constructive comments on early drafts of this entry. I also thank Shih-Hsun Hsu and Yu-Lieh Huang for very helpful suggestions. The remaining errors are all mine.

Artificial neural networks

An introduction to heat transfer

Solar Engineering Of Thermal Processes

In this article, first, using the elliptic curve method, it is proved that the quartic Diophantine equations x^4-y^4=k(t^lambda-u^4{+-} v^4) for positive even lambda and integers k and t has infinitely many non-trivial rational solutions. Then, by direct ways, parametric solutions for equations x^4-y^4=k(t^3{+-} u^4-v^4) are found.

/pdf/on-the-solutions-of-quartic-diophantine-equations-rfg529wh.pdf

On the solutions of quartic Diophantine equations

Zero liquid discharge (ZLD) has shown to be a promising technology to recycle water with good quality The ZLD objective is to purify the water from all the liquid waste The ZLD approach is concentrated on reducing wastewater for possible reuse In conventional ZLD systems, thermal processes are fundamental The biggest challenge to implement thermal ZLD systems widely is its intensive energy consumption As a solution, thermal ZLD systems are integrated with membrane-based reverse osmosis (RO) technology to reduce both capital and operational costs This study, therefore, focuses on the optimizing a RO/thermal ZLD system based on one of the most important parameters of design—the salinity of the reject brine of evaporator To give more practical aspect to the results, solution is based realistic design data of a petrochemical complex as the producer of ammonia (2050 ton day−1) and urea (3250 ton day−1) Results show that increasing the salinity of brine stream in evaporator reduces the total required heating surface area of the ZLD plant as well as its required power This decrease is evident at lower amounts of Xb, but the rate is lowered with increasing of this parameter So, further increase in Xb does not have much effect on reducing the total heating surface area and power consumption It means that there is an optimum amount of Xb which can be selected for different applications

Optimization of combined Reverse Osmosis: thermal Zero Liquid Discharge system parameters for an Ammonia and Urea production complex

Simplifications used in regional climate models decrease the accuracy of the regional climate models. To overcome this deficiency, usually a statistical technique of MOS is used to improve the skill of gridded outputs of the Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models. In this paper, an experimental synoptic-climatology based method has been used to calibrate, and decrease amount of errors in GFS numerical weather prediction model. Usually, physiographic characteristics, climatic behavior and synoptic climatology of the region are not included in MOS techniques. In this regard, an experimental model for Precipitation potential using Synoptic-climatology and Physiographic characteristics (PSP) of the region has been developed for statistical downscaling of the NWP outputs over the study region under study. A Climatic and Physiographic Index for surface weather stations is defined to represent their climatic and physiographic characteristics in MOS technique. CPI covers monthly mean precipitation, temperature, monthly number of wet and dry days, and latitude and height of station.  CPI index which is defined in this paper can be used as climate classification index. In this study daily gridded outputs from Global Forecast System (GFS) has been used for calibration and running the PSP experimental model. Inputs of the model are gridded meteorological parameters in 500 hpa and surface layer from GFS model. Data from more than 85 daily weather systems have been used to find synoptic climatology characteristics, and coefficients needed as input for PSP equations in the period of 2002-2007. Coefficients are computed by using regression equation between observed and computed precipitation over each station with. 85.

/pdf/a-synoptic-climatology-approach-to-increase-the-skill-of-2ki7xuitnm.pdf

A synoptic-climatology approach to increase the skill of numerical weather predictions over Iran

As an important duality result in linear optimization, the Goldman–Tucker theorem establishes strict complementarity between a pair of primal and dual linear programs. Our study extends this result into the framework of linear fractional optimization. Associated with a linear fractional program, a dual program can be defined as the dual of the equivalent linear program obtained from applying the Charnes–Cooper transformation to the given program. Based on this definition, we propose new criteria for primal and  dual optimality by showing that the primal and dual optimal sets can be equivalently modeled as the optimal sets of a pair of primal and dual linear programs. Then, we define the concept of strict complementarity and establish the existence of at least one, called strict complementary, pair of primal and dual optimal solutions such that in every pair of comple mentary variables, exactly one variable is positive and the other is zero. We geometrically interpret the strict complementarity in terms of the relative interiors of two sets that represent the primal and dual optimal setsin higher dimensions. Finally, using this interpretation, we develop two approaches for finding a strict complementary solution in linear fractional optimization. We illustrate our results with two numerical examples.

https://ijnao.um.ac.ir/article_40153_00b472fc336b9017e4bd85ab7de7c022.pdf

The strict complementarity in linear fractional optimization


 Integrated energy systems are one of the potential options for buildings that can reduce emission. In this research study, the energetic and economic performance of a micro-gas turbine combined heating and cooling plant coupled with a solar PV is analyzed for an office building in Iran. For each analysis, two different scenarios have been performed. System sizing parameters defined in a way that renewable to fossil fuel share is correlated to plant performance and economy. To model the studied system, a time-dependent method is used, which is the inherent characteristic of renewable energies. The renewable energies used here are solar heaters and solar panels. Contours of Net Present Value (NPV) are evaluated as a function of solar heating share and different economic parameters. In addition, optimal system sizing for a typical building is obtained and the results are provided. Effect of various major parameters shows that under the current condition and despite the supportive incentive for renewable energies, strategies and plans even without solar energy are not economically viable due to the high discount rates. In addition, results provide that, in reasonable and normal discount rate, fuel and grid electricity prices, governmental subsidization for conventional combined heat, and power (CHP) and combined cooling, heat, and power(CCHP) is not necessary, and only in this condition solar electricity selling price (i.e. governmental support program) is effective to increase renewable penetration. The results show that if the interest rate is less than 5%, the NPV becomes positive. Also, when the electricity price reaches $0.07/kWh or higher, the NPV becomes positive.

/pdf/commercial-building-integrated-energy-system-sizing-and-12qd9ehz.pdf

Mohammad Hossein Ahmadi

Papers

On the solutions of quartic Diophantine equations

Optimization of combined Reverse Osmosis: thermal Zero Liquid Discharge system parameters for an Ammonia and Urea production complex

A synoptic-climatology approach to increase the skill of numerical weather predictions over Iran

The strict complementarity in linear fractional optimization

Commercial building integrated energy system: sizing and energy-economic assessment