There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

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Numerical Heat Transfer And Fluid Flow

Printing sensors and electronics over flexible substrates are an area of significant interest due to low-cost fabrication and possibility of obtaining multifunctional electronics over large areas. Over the years, a number of printing technologies have been developed to pattern a wide range of electronic materials on diverse substrates. As further expansion of printed technologies is expected in future for sensors and electronics, it is opportune to review the common features, the complementarities, and the challenges associated with various printing technologies. This paper presents a comprehensive review of various printing technologies, commonly used substrates and electronic materials. Various solution/dry printing and contact/noncontact printing technologies have been assessed on the basis of technological, materials, and process-related developments in the field. Critical challenges in various printing techniques and potential research directions have been highlighted. Possibilities of merging various printing methodologies have been explored to extend the lab developed standalone systems to high-speed roll-to-roll production lines for system level integration.

https://cris.fbk.eu/bitstream/11582/300858/1/Technologies%20for%20Printing%20Sensors%20and%20Electronics%20Over%20Large%20Flexible%20Substrates-A%20Review.pdf

Technologies for Printing Sensors and Electronics Over Large Flexible Substrates: A Review

Sensing strain of soft materials in small scale has attracted increasing attention. In this work, graphene woven fabrics (GWFs) are explored for highly sensitive sensing. A flexible and wearable strain sensor is assembled by adhering the GWFs on polymer and medical tape composite film. The sensor exhibits the following features: ultra-light, relatively good sensitivity, high reversibility, superior physical robustness, easy fabrication, ease to follow human skin deformation, and so on. Some weak human motions are chosen to test the notable resistance change, including hand clenching, phonation, expression change, blink, breath, and pulse. Because of the distinctive features of high sensitivity and reversible extensibility, the GWFs based piezoresistive sensors have wide potential applications in fields of the displays, robotics, fatigue detection, body monitoring, and so forth.

Wearable and Highly Sensitive Graphene Strain Sensors for Human Motion Monitoring

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/5/31047/01444179.pdf

Fundamentals of acoustics

This work was supported by National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant (No. 20110017530), WCU (World Class University) program (R31-2008-000-10083-0) on multiscale mechanical design, and Basic Science Research Program (2010-0027955) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology (MEST). This work was supported in part by the Award No KUK-F1-037-02, made by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) and Institute of Advanced Machinery and Design (IAMD) of Seoul National University.

Rational Design and Enhanced Biocompatibility of a Dry Adhesive Medical Skin Patch

This Feature Article aims to highlight our recent efforts to develop more robust gecko-inspired dry adhesives and their applications. Due to recent progress in micro- and nanofabrication techniques, it is possible to fabricate highly sophisticated multiscale, hierarchical structures using various polymer materials. In addition, the adhesion strength of synthetic dry adhesives has been shown to be similar to or exceed that of real gecko foot-hair by several times. Therefore, it is timely and appropriate to drive the research of gecko-inspired dry adhesives into a new epoch by investigating more robust dry adhesive structures, efficient detachment mechanisms, and new applications. In this Feature Article, we present a series of our recent achievements to overcome some of the limitations of gecko-like hair structures such as rough surface adaptation, durability, and controlled geometry, with particular emphasis on materials issues and detachment mechanism. For potential applications, a clean transportation device and a biomedical skin patch are briefly described to expand the application realm from the well-known wall climbing robot.

Towards the Next Level of Bioinspired Dry Adhesives: New Designs and Applications

Living cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) can exhibit complex interactions that define key developmental, physiological and pathological processes. Here, we report a new type of directed migration-which we term 'topotaxis'-guided by the gradient of the nanoscale topographic features in the cells' ECM environment. We show that the direction of topotaxis is reflective of the effective cell stiffness, and that it depends on the balance of the ECM-triggered signalling pathways PI(3)K-Akt and ROCK-MLCK. In melanoma cancer cells, this balance can be altered by different ECM inputs, pharmacological perturbations or genetic alterations, particularly a loss of PTEN in aggressive melanoma cells. We conclude that topotaxis is a product of the material properties of cells and the surrounding ECM, and propose that the invasive capacity of many cancers may depend broadly on topotactic responses, providing a potentially attractive mechanism for controlling invasive and metastatic behaviour.

/pdf/directed-migration-of-cancer-cells-guided-by-the-graded-4dec9rqi1b.pdf

Directed migration of cancer cells guided by the graded texture of the underlying matrix.

Modulus-tunable composite micropillars are presented by combining replica molding and selective inking for skin adhesive patch in "ubiquitous"-health diagnostic devices. Inspired from hierarchical hairs in the gecko's toe pad, a simple method is presented to form composite polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) micropillars that are highly adhesive (∼1.8 N cm(-2) ) and mechanically robust (∼30 cycles).

Enhanced skin adhesive patch with modulus-tunable composite micropillars.

We introduce a simple yet robust method of fabricating a stretchable, adhesion-tunable dry adhesive by combining replica molding and surface wrinkling. By utilizing a thin, wrinkled polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) sheet with a thickness of 1 mm with built-in micropillars, active, dynamic control of normal and shear adhesion was achieved. Relatively strong normal (∼10.8 N/cm2) and shear adhesion (∼14.7 N/cm2) forces could be obtained for a fully extended (strained) PDMS sheet (prestrain of ∼3%), whereas the forces could be rapidly reduced to nearly zero once the prestrain was released (prestrain of ∼0.5%). Moreover, durability tests demonstrated that the adhesion strength in both the normal and shear directions was maintained over more than 100 cycles of attachment and detachment.

Moon Kyu Kwak

Papers

Rational Design and Enhanced Biocompatibility of a Dry Adhesive Medical Skin Patch

Towards the Next Level of Bioinspired Dry Adhesives: New Designs and Applications

Directed migration of cancer cells guided by the graded texture of the underlying matrix.

Enhanced skin adhesive patch with modulus-tunable composite micropillars.

Stretchable, adhesion-tunable dry adhesive by surface wrinkling.