Mustafa Balat

TL;DR: The most widely used bio-fuel for transportation worldwide is bio-ethanol from sugar cane, which is essentially a clean fuel and has several clear advantages over petroleum-derived gasoline in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving air quality in metropolitan areas as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: A review of the biological and thermochemical methods that could be used to produce bioethanol is made and an analysis of its global production trends is carried out in this paper, where the authors evaluate the utilization of different feedstocks (i.e., sucrose containing, starchy materials, lignocellulosic biomass) is required considering the big share of raw materials in bio-ethanol costs.

TL;DR: The main problem with bioethanol production is the availability of raw materials for the production as mentioned in this paper, which can highly affect the production costs of the bio-ethanol, as the price of the raw materials is highly volatile.

TL;DR: The conversion of vegetable oils into biodiesel is an effective way to overcome all the problems associated with the vegetable oils, such as high fuel viscosity, high ignition delay and longer combustion duration and hence low particulate emissions as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: There are several thermo-chemical routes for biomass-based energy production, such as direct combustion, liquefaction, pyrolysis, supercritical water extraction, gasification, air-steam gasification and so on.