Target and demand for renewable energy across 10 ASEAN countries by 2040

Transboundary hydropower dams are sources of hydroelectricity supply that sit in shared international rivers or watersheds, and/or generate benefits and costs that flow across national borders. Scholars have been exploring the impacts of hydropower dams at a local, regional and national scale for decades, however the transboundary impacts of hydropower ventures have been less studied. Nonetheless, the advent of a new hydropower boom, where a large proportion of untapped hydropower potential lies in transboundary settings, means that there is a need to better understand the specific benefits and costs in those contexts to foster more equitable and just outcomes, and to better examine the dynamics shaping the future of hydroelectricity. To depict the state-of-the-art within this critical field of research, we conduct a systematic review of 1264 peer-reviewed articles published on transboundary hydropower dams from 2009 to 2019. We find that most studies in our sample focus on issues related to water management and water allocation, whereas fewer focus on the scope of hydropower benefits, their temporal and spatial variation, and equity and justice dimensions. Moreover, there is minimal exploration of how differences in relative economic and financial capabilities can impact the distribution of transboundary hydropower benefits. Whether transboundary hydropower dams lead to optimal outcomes is highly dependent on underlying benefit sharing arrangements as well as an explicit acknowledgement and tackling of governance asymmetries. The study concludes that there is an urgent need to systematically assess these conditions to favour just outcomes for all stakeholders.

The future of hydropower? A systematic review of the drivers, benefits and governance dynamics of transboundary dams

Unified Riemann solution for multi-physics coupling: Anisotropic poroelastic/elastic/fluid interfaces

A discontinuous Galerkin method for poroelastic wave propagation: The two-dimensional case

PrefaceCh. 1Historical Introduction3Ch. 2Continuum Mechanics25Ch. 3Equations of Motion56Ch. 4Normal Modes109Ch. 5Seismic Source Representation146Ch. 6Anelasticity and Attenuation193Ch. 7Rayleigh-Ritz Method237Ch. 8Spheroidal and Toroidal Oscillations257Ch. 9Elastic and Anelastic Perturbations327Ch. 10Synthetic Seismograms363Ch. 11Love and Rayleigh Waves405Ch. 12Mode-Ray Duality451Ch. 13Perturbation Theory537Ch. 14Mode Splitting and Coupling596Ch. 15Body-Wave Ray Theory669Ch. 16Surface-Wave JWKB Theory737App. AVectors and Tensors811App. BSpherical Harmonics838App. CGeneralized Spherical Harmonics877App. DWhole Earth Catalogue932Bibliography967Index999

Theoretical global seismology

The MW 7.1 Darfield (Canterbury) earthquake, 4 September 2010, generated widespread hydrological effects in New Zealand ranging from instantaneous changes of piezometric levels, to more sustained post-seismic changes in spring flow, river discharge and groundwater levels, and increased turbidity and declined yields of water abstracted from wells. Four years later, piezometric levels remained elevated in deeper (>40 m) aquifers along the north-western (upper) side of the Canterbury Plains near the Greendale Fault, with changes in mean piezometric level reaching +13 m. Eigen modelling suggests that sustained high groundwater was not the result of changes in abstraction or land surface recharge. Step-drawdown tests at six wells within 15 km of Greendale Fault were carried out prior to the earthquake, and were re-tested following fault-rupture. Eden-Hazel analysis of discharge/drawdown relationships discriminates potential sources of head losses, and how these changed (or otherwise) as a result of the earthquake. Objective application of Eden-Hazel analysis provided confidence levels for the interpretation, including when step tests provide reliable/unreliable estimates of transmissivity change. Increases in both aquifer losses and well losses were observed in four wells, reflecting both a change in sediment transmissivity and decrease in well efficiency. At two locations, the data were unable to provide results that can be interpreted with confidence. As the majority of local groundwater flow occurs through high permeability open framework gravel lenses, we suggest that reduction in the permeability of these gravels, due to fine-sediment incursion, is the cause of the reduction in transmissivity and increase in well losses. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2015WR018524

Aquifer permeability change caused by a near-field earthquake, Canterbury, New Zealand

Estimation of aquifer dimensions from passive seismic signals in the presence of material and source uncertainties

Community owned micro-hydropower (MHP) is a cost-effective technology that harvests the potential energy of rivers and generates electricity that can meet the demands of isolated communities in developing countries The feasibility of MHP schemes depends on physical, social, environmental and economic factors Remote communities, however, cannot carry out independent pre-feasibility assessments due to lack of know-how Local developers often identify potential sites by personal references, and perform pre-feasibility assessments by sending engineers to record essential physical variables such as the head or the river flow No holistic and easy to use MHP pre-feasibility assessment method exists To facilitate pre-feasibility site identification, we developed a MHP pre-feasibility assessment tool that can be used by developers as well as communities The tool was validated using data on scheme current success scores (SCSS) gathered from interviews to users and developers of 35 communities with MHP schemes from Nepal, Bolivia, Cambodia and the Philippines The analytic hierarchy process was used for multi-criteria decision making to incorporate 15 key quantitative and qualitative criteria that affect the likelihood of success of community owned MHP schemes Results show a strong correlation (087) between the tool results and the SCSS The tool gives equal importance to the physical, social and economic factors, which are significantly more important than the environmental factor Water availability, terrain quality, community cohesion and financial support are identified as the most important criteria affecting the likelihood of success of schemes The tool can be easily used and manipulated by developers and communities to generate pre-feasibility assessments

N. F. Dudley Ward

Papers

A discontinuous Galerkin method for poroelastic wave propagation: The two-dimensional case

Aquifer permeability change caused by a near-field earthquake, Canterbury, New Zealand

Estimation of aquifer dimensions from passive seismic signals in the presence of material and source uncertainties

Facilitating universal energy access for developing countries with micro-hydropower: Insights from Nepal, Bolivia, Cambodia and the Philippines