Preface to the Second Edition. Preface to the First Edition. 1 Introduction. 2 Network Analysis. 2.1 Network Variables. 2.2 Scattering Parameters. 2.3 Short-Circuit Admittance Parameters. 2.4 Open-Circuit Impedance Parameters. 2.5 ABCD Parameters. 2.6 Transmission-Line Networks. 2.7 Network Connections. 2.8 Network Parameter Conversions. 2.9 Symmetrical Network Analysis. 2.10 Multiport Networks. 2.11 Equivalent and Dual Network. 2.12 Multimode Networks. 3 Basic Concepts and Theories of Filters. 3.1 Transfer Functions. 3.2 Lowpass Prototype Filters and Elements. 3.3 Frequency and Element Transformations. 3.4 Immittance Inverters. 3.5 Richards' Transformation and Kuroda Identities. 3.6 Dissipation and Unloaded Quality Factor. 4 Transmission Lines and Components. 4.1 Microstrip Lines. 4.2 Coupled Lines. 4.3 Discontinuities and Components. 4.4 Other Types of Microstrip Lines. 4.5 Coplanar Waveguide (CPW). 4.6 Slotlines. 5 Lowpass and Bandpass Filters. 5.1 Lowpass Filters. 5.2 Bandpass Filters. 6 Highpass and Bandstop Filters. 6.1 Highpass Filters. 6.2 Bandstop Filters. 7 Coupled-Resonator Circuits. 7.1 General Coupling Matrix for Coupled-Resonator Filters. 7.2 General Theory of Couplings. 7.3 General Formulation for Extracting Coupling Coefficient k. 7.4 Formulation for Extracting External Quality Factor Qe. 7.5 Numerical Examples. 7.6 General Coupling Matrix Including Source and Load. 8 CAD for Low-Cost and High-Volume Production. 8.1 Computer-Aided Design (CAD) Tools. 8.2 Computer-Aided Analysis (CAA). 8.3 Filter Synthesis by Optimization. 8.4 CAD Examples. 9 Advanced RF/Microwave Filters. 9.1 Selective Filters with a Single Pair of Transmission Zeros. 9.2 Cascaded Quadruplet (CQ) Filters. 9.3 Trisection and Cascaded Trisection (CT) Filters. 9.4 Advanced Filters with Transmission-Line Inserted Inverters. 9.5 Linear-Phase Filters. 9.6 Extracted Pole Filters. 9.7 Canonical Filters. 9.8 Multiband Filters. 10 Compact Filters and Filter Miniaturization. 10.1 Miniature Open-Loop and Hairpin Resonator Filters. 10.2 Slow-Wave Resonator Filters. 10.3 Miniature Dual-Mode Resonator Filters. 10.4 Lumped-Element Filters. 10.5 Miniature Filters Using High Dielectric-Constant Substrates. 10.6 Multilayer Filters. 11 Superconducting Filters. 11.1 High-Temperature Superconducting (HTS) Materials. 11.2 HTS Filters for Mobile Communications. 11.3 HTS Filters for Satellite Communications. 11.4 HTS Filters for Radio Astronomy and Radar. 11.5 High-Power HTS Filters. 11.6 Cryogenic Package. 12 Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Filters. 12.1 UWB Filters with Short-Circuited Stubs. 12.2 UWB-Coupled Resonator Filters. 12.3 Quasilumped Element UWB Filters. 12.4 UWB Filters Using Cascaded Miniature High- And Lowpass Filters. 12.5 UWB Filters with Notch Band(s). 13 Tunable and Reconfigurable Filters. 13.1 Tunable Combline Filters. 13.2 Tunable Open-Loop Filters without Via-Hole Grounding. 13.3 Reconfigurable Dual-Mode Bandpass Filters. 13.4 Wideband Filters with Reconfigurable Bandwidth. 13.5 Reconfigurable UWB Filters. 13.6 RF MEMS Reconfigurable Filters. 13.7 Piezoelectric Transducer Tunable Filters. 13.8 Ferroelectric Tunable Filters. Appendix: Useful Constants and Data. A.1 Physical Constants. A.2 Conductivity of Metals at 25 C (298K). A.3 Electical Resistivity rho in 10-8 m of Metals. A.4 Properties of Dielectric Substrates. Index.

Microstrip filters for RF/microwave applications

The fast multipole method (FMM) and multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) are reviewed. The number of modes required, block-diagonal preconditioner, near singularity extraction, and the choice of initial guesses are discussed to apply the MLFMA to calculating electromagnetic scattering by large complex objects. Using these techniques, we can solve the problem of electromagnetic scattering by large complex three-dimensional (3-D) objects such as an aircraft (VFY218) on a small computer.

Multilevel fast multipole algorithm for electromagnetic scattering by large complex objects

A practical and complete, but not rigorous, exposition of the fact multiple method (FMM) is provided. The FMM provides an efficient mechanism for the numerical convolution of the Green's function for the Helmholtz equation with a source distribution and can be used to radically accelerate the iterative solution of boundary-integral equations. In the simple single-stage form presented here, it reduces the computational complexity of the convolution from O(N/sup 2/) to O(N/sup 3/2/), where N is the dimensionality of the problem's discretization. >

The fast multipole method for the wave equation: a pedestrian prescription

Resonance conditions for a substrate-superstrate printed antenna geometry which allow for large antenna gain are presented. Asymptotic formulas for gain, beamwidth, and bandwidth are given, and the bandwidth limitation of the method is discussed. The method is extended to produce narrow patterns about the horizon, and directive patterns at two different angles.

Gain enhancement methods for printed circuit antennas

The application of new dielectric materials with μ, ϵ, and low loss to antennas is investigated. A zero-order analysis reveals the advantages and limitations of these materials for patch antennas. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 26, 75–78, 2000.

Antennas with magneto‐dielectrics

Microstrip elements of arbitrary shape are modeled in multilayered media. The Green's function for the multilayered structure is developed in a form useful for efficient computation for interacting microstrip elements, which may be located at any substrate layer and separated by an arbitrarily large distance. This result is of significant value to a variety of applications in wave propagation besides those discussed in this paper. The mixed-potential integral-equation (MPIE) method is developed in the spatial domain. Examples for regularly/arbitrarily shaped geometries in single and multilayered media are presented. These involve the optimization of an open-end microstrip, a radial-stub microstrip, a five-section overlay-gap-coupled filter, and a circular-patch proximity-coupled microstrip antenna. Very good agreement with measurement and other published data is observed.

Modeling planar arbitrarily shaped microstrip elements in multilayered media

A three-dimensional curvilinear hybrid finite-element–integral equation approach is developed. The hybrid finite-element–integral equation method is formulated in general curvilinear coordinates so that arbitrarily curved geometries can be modeled without approximations. The advantages of the finite-element and the integral equation methods are used to eliminate the disadvantages of both methods. For modeling regions of inhomogeneous or anisotropic materials, in which the integral equation method is difficult to implement, the finite-element method is used. The problem with the finite-element method of accurately terminating the computational mesh is eliminated by application of the exact boundary integral equation. The hybrid finite-element–integral equation code is validated on a range of composite curvilinear geometries against measured data or analytical solutions.

Scattering from complex three-dimensional geometries by a curvilinear hybrid finite-element–integral equation approach

Spectral domain analysis is used in conjunction with matrix algebra to determine the far-field behavior of an arbitrarily oriented Hertzian dipole in a nonreciprocal superstrate-substrate structure. In particular, a gyrotropic superstrate on top of a grounded isotropic substrate is considered. The analysis accounts for completely general 3*3 tensors for the anisotropic superstrate layer. Parameter studies are performed to investigate the effects of changing different variables associated with the geometry as well as the static magnetic field used to bias the gyrotropic material. This work provides a basis for research on the design of microstrip circuits and antennas in nonreciprocal superstrate-substrate geometries. >

Radiation characteristics of Hertzian dipole antennas in a nonreciprocal superstrate-substrate structure

The introduction of the printed aperture into multiport microstrip circuits as a vertical transition proves to be practical in the design as well as the manufacturing process of multilayered circuits. With the mixed-potential integral equation-based moment method, it becomes possible to analyze and optimize the performance of this arbitrary shape aperture transition for multiport circuit applications. Bandwidth enhancement is obtained by changing the shape of the slot for two-port and three-port microstrip transitions. Also, the influence of slot size, orientation, and mutual coupling have been thoroughly studied in order to reach an optimal circuit performance. Using this transition, a three-port power divider with 180 degree phase difference and a directional coupler with various degrees of coupling have been designed.

Optimization of aperture transitions for multiport microstrip circuits

A full-wave analysis of cavity-backed aperture antennas with a dielectric overlay is presented. The theoretical approach uses a closed-form dyadic Green's function in the spectral domain. The aperture equivalent magnetic currents are obtained using the surface equivalence theorem and an integral equation is obtained by matching the fields across the aperture. The moment method applied in spectral domain analysis is employed to solve the integral equation for the equivalent magnetic currents with proper combination of subdomain or entire domain expansion functions. Numerical results include the aperture field distribution and antenna parameters such as input impedance, bandwidth, and efficiency. A set of measurements data is compared with results based on the theoretical work. >

N.G. Alexopoulos

Papers

Modeling planar arbitrarily shaped microstrip elements in multilayered media

Scattering from complex three-dimensional geometries by a curvilinear hybrid finite-element–integral equation approach

Radiation characteristics of Hertzian dipole antennas in a nonreciprocal superstrate-substrate structure

Optimization of aperture transitions for multiport microstrip circuits

Analysis of cavity-backed aperture antennas with a dielectric overlay