Plant leaf disease classification using EfficientNet deep learning model

Dense convolutional neural networks based multiclass plant disease detection and classification using leaf images

COVID-19 has disrupted normal life and has enforced a substantial change in the policies, priorities and activities of individuals, organisations and governments. These changes are proving to be a catalyst for technology and innovation. In this paper, we discuss the pandemic’s potential impact on the adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) in various broad sectors, namely healthcare, smart homes, smart buildings, smart cities, transportation and industrial IoT. Our perspective and forecast of this impact on IoT adoption is based on a thorough research literature review, a careful examination of reports from leading consulting firms and interactions with several industry experts. For each of these sectors, we also provide the details of notable IoT initiatives taken in the wake of COVID-19. We also highlight the challenges that need to be addressed and important research directions that will facilitate accelerated IoT adoption.

Impact of COVID-19 on IoT Adoption in Healthcare, Smart Homes, Smart Buildings, Smart Cities, Transportation and Industrial IoT.

Determining how to structure vehicular network environments can be done in various ways. Here, we highlight vehicle networks' evolution from vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANET) to the internet of vehicles (IoVs), listing their benefits and limitations. We also highlight the reasons in adopting wireless technologies, in particular, IEEE 802.11p and 5G vehicle-to-everything, as well as the use of paradigms able to store and analyze a vast amount of data to produce intelligence and their applications in vehicular environments. We also correlate the use of each of these paradigms with the desire to meet existing intelligent transportation systems' requirements. The presentation of each paradigm is given from a historical and logical standpoint. In particular, vehicular fog computing improves on the deficiences of vehicular cloud computing, so both are not exclusive from the application point of view. We also emphasize some security issues that are linked to the characteristics of these paradigms and vehicular networks, showing that they complement each other and share problems and limitations. As these networks still have many opportunities to grow in both concept and application, we finally discuss concepts and technologies that we believe are beneficial. Throughout this work, we emphasize the crucial role of these concepts for the well-being of humanity.

Computing Paradigms in Emerging Vehicular Environments: A Review

The monitoring and control of crops in precision agriculture sometimes requires a high collection frequency of information (e.g., temperature, humidity, and salinity) due to the variability in crops. Data acquisition and transmission are generally achieved thanks to wireless sensor networks. However, sensor nodes have limited resources. Thus, it is necessary to adapt the increase in sampling frequency for different crops, under application constraints (reliability, packet delay, and lifetime duration). In this paper, we propose to properly tune IEEE 802.15.4 MAC parameters ( macMinBE and macMaxCSMABackoffs ) and the sampling frequency of deployed sensor nodes. An analytical model of network performance is derived and used to perform the tuning of these tradeoff parameters. Simulation analysis shows that our scheme provides an efficient increase of sampling frequency of sensor nodes while satisfying application requirements.

Performance Management of IEEE 802.15.4 Wireless Sensor Network for Precision Agriculture

Cloud computing is widely used for its powerful and accessible computing and storage capacity. However, with the development trend of Internet of Things (IoTs), the distance between cloud and terminal devices can no longer meet the new requirements of low latency and real-time interaction of IoTs. Fog has been proposed as a complement to the cloud which moves servers to the edge of the network, making it possible to process service requests of terminal devices locally. Despite the fact that fog computing solves many obstacles for the development of IoT, there are still many problems to be solved for its immature technology. In this paper, the concepts and characteristics of cloud and fog computing are introduced, followed by the comparison and collaboration between them. We summarize main challenges IoT faces in new application requirements (e.g., low latency, network bandwidth constraints, resource constraints of devices, stability of service, and security) and analyze fog-based solutions. The remaining challenges and research directions of fog after integrating into IoT system are discussed. In addition, the key role that fog computing based on 5G may play in the field of intelligent driving and tactile robots is prospected.

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A Review of Techniques and Methods for IoT Applications in Collaborative Cloud-Fog Environment

Object detection is an essential technology in the computer vision domain and plays a vital role in intelligent transportation. Intelligent vehicles utilize object detection on images for environment perception. This work develops a target detection algorithm based on deep learning technologies, particularly convolutional neural networks and neural network modeling. Building on the analysis of the traditional Haar-like vehicle recognition algorithm, a vehicle recognition algorithm based on a convolutional neural network with fused edge features (FE-CNN) is proposed. The experimental results demonstrate that FE-CNN improves the recognition precision and the model’s convergence speed through a simple and effective edge feature fusion method. In the experiment conducted using real traffic scene for vehicle recognition, the developed algorithm achieves a 99.82% recognition rate in efficient time, demonstrating the capability for real-time performance and accurate target detection.

Deep learning-based algorithm for vehicle detection in intelligent transportation systems

This paper presents an edge detection algorithm based on singular value eigenvector and gradient operator. In the proposed algorithm, the singular values of image blocks are first calculated, and the Sobel gradient template is extended to eight other directions. Then the gradient values of image pixels are determined according to the stability of the singular values of image blocks. The determination of gradient threshold is considered from both global and local aspects. After calculating the global and local gradient thresholds of the original image, the gradient threshold of the whole image is determined by weighting function. Then the edge pixels of the image are filtered according to the gradient threshold, and the edge information image of the original image is obtained. The experimental data show that the proposed algorithm can resist a certain degree of noise interference, and the accuracy and efficiency of edge extraction are better than other similar algorithms.

Image edge detection based on singular value feature vector and gradient operator

In this article, first a comprehensive study of the impact of term weighting schemes on the topic modeling performance (i.e., LDA and DMM) on Arabic long and short texts is presented. We investigate six term weighting methods including Word count method (standard topic models), TFIDF, PMI, BDC, CLPB, and CEW. Moreover, we propose a novel combination term weighting scheme, namely, CmTLB. We utilize the mTFIDF that takes into account the missing terms and the number of the documents in which the term appears when calculating the term weight. For further robust term weight, we combine mTFIDF with two weighting methods. We evaluate CmTLB against the studied weighting schemes by the quality of the learned topics (topic visualization and topic coherence), classification, and clustering tasks. We applied weighting schemes to Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) and Dirichlet multinomial mixture (DMM) on eight Arabic long and short document datasets, respectively. The experiment results outline that appropriate weighting schemes can effectively improve topic modeling performance on Arabic texts. More importantly, our proposed CmTLB significantly outperforms the other weighting schemes. Secondly, we investigate whether the Arabic stemming process can improve topic modeling performance. We study the three approaches of Arabic stemming including root-based, stem-based, and statistical approaches. We also train topic models with weighting schemes on documents after applying four stemmers related to different stemming approaches. The results outline that applying the stemming process not only reduces the dimensionality of term-document matrix leading to fast estimation process, but also show enhancement of topic modeling performance both on short and long Arabic documents. Moreover, Farasa stemmer achieves the highest performance in most cases, since it prevents the ambiguity that may happen because of the blind removal of the affixes such as in root-based or stem-based stemmers.

The Impact of Weighting Schemes and Stemming Process on Topic Modeling of Arabic Long and Short Texts

Wireless Sensor Networks WSNs are gaining more interest in a variety of applications. Of their different characteristics and challenges, network management and lifetime elongation are the most considered issues in WSN based systems. Connected Dominating Set CDS is known to be an efficient strategy to control network topology, reduce overhead, and extend network lifetime. Designing a CDS algorithm for WSNs is very challenging. This paper provides a review on connected dominating set construction techniques for wireless sensor networks.

Najla Al-Nabhan

Papers

A Review of Techniques and Methods for IoT Applications in Collaborative Cloud-Fog Environment

Deep learning-based algorithm for vehicle detection in intelligent transportation systems

Image edge detection based on singular value feature vector and gradient operator

The Impact of Weighting Schemes and Stemming Process on Topic Modeling of Arabic Long and Short Texts

Connected dominating set algorithms for wireless sensor networks