Probability Distributions.- Linear Models for Regression.- Linear Models for Classification.- Neural Networks.- Kernel Methods.- Sparse Kernel Machines.- Graphical Models.- Mixture Models and EM.- Approximate Inference.- Sampling Methods.- Continuous Latent Variables.- Sequential Data.- Combining Models.

Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning

http://reuter.mit.edu/papers/reuter-long12.pdf

Within-Subject Template Estimation for Unbiased Longitudinal Image Analysis

Background—The purpose of this statement is to provide an overview of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and to provide recommendations for its diagnosis, management, and treatment. The intended audi...

/pdf/diagnosis-and-management-of-cerebral-venous-thrombosis-a-1givfmdund.pdf

Diagnosis and Management of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association

Thrombosis of the cerebral veins and sinuses affects mainly young adults and children This potentially disabling or fatal condition is usually not diagnosed until a week after the onset of symptoms This review article describes the clinical presentations of the disorder such as those that occur after a head injury or lumbar puncture Therapeutic options include anticoagulation, thrombolysis, and measures to control intracranial hypertension

/pdf/thrombosis-of-the-cerebral-veins-and-sinuses-ducpiypk8d.pdf

Thrombosis of the cerebral veins and sinuses

Differential aging of the brain: Patterns, cognitive correlates and modifiers

Normal aging in the central nervous system: quantitative MR diffusion-tensor analysis.

MR diffusion tensor imaging: recent advance and new techniques for diffusion tensor visualization

Purpose: In order to ensure that three-dimensional diffusion tensor tractography (3D-DTT) of the corticospinal tract (CST), is performed accurately and efficiently, we set out to find the optimal lower threshold of fractional anisotropy (FA) below which tract elongation is terminated (trackability threshold). Methods: Thirteen patients with acute or early subacute ischemic stroke causing motor deficits were enrolled in this study. We performed 3D-DTT of the CST with diffusion tensor MR (magnetic resonance) imaging. We segmented the CST and established a cross-section of the CST in a transaxial plane as a region of interest. Thus, we selectively measured the FA values of the right and left corticospinal tracts at the level of the cerebral peduncle, the posterior limb of the internal capsule, and the centrum semiovale. The FA values of the CST were also measured on the affected side at the level where the clinically relevant infarction was present in isotropic diffusion-weighted imaging. Results: 3D-DTT allowed us to selectively measure the FA values of the CST. Among the 267 regions of interest we measured, the minimum FA value was 0.22. The FA values of the CST were smaller and more variable in the centrum semiovale than in the other regions. The mean minus twice the standard deviation of the FA values of the CST in the centrum semiovale was calculated at 0.22 on the normal unaffected side and 0.16 on the affected side. Conclusion: An FA value of about 0.20 was found to be the optimal trackability threshold.

The Optimal Trackability Threshold of Fractional Anisotropy for Diffusion Tensor Tractography of the Corticospinal Tract

https://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(97)00381-8/pdf

Predictors of the efficacy of interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Tokyo-Chiba Hepatitis Research Group

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: DTI provides a sensitive measure of change in the microstructure of white matter integrity. The purpose of our study was to investigate age-related changes, sex differences, and age-by-sex interactions in white matter integrity (FA, AD, and RD) across the whole brain with a large sample. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 857 healthy subjects (mean age = 56.1 ± 9.9 years; age range = 24.9–84.8 years) were included in this study. All subjects were scanned at 3T. With use of TBSS, we examined the effects of age and sex on FA, AD, and RD in the white matter. RESULTS: Global FA was negatively correlated with age ( R 2 = 0.18, P R 2 = 0.02, P R 2 = 0.19, P CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that age-related changes in white matter integrity are more strongly associated with myelin sheath degeneration than with axonal degeneration, and that, in some specific regions, the number of remyelinated axons might increase with age. Our results also suggest that there are no sex differences in the aging process of the white matter.

http://www.ajnr.org/content/ajnr/32/11/2103.full.pdf

Naoto Hayashi

Papers

Normal aging in the central nervous system: quantitative MR diffusion-tensor analysis.

MR diffusion tensor imaging: recent advance and new techniques for diffusion tensor visualization

The Optimal Trackability Threshold of Fractional Anisotropy for Diffusion Tensor Tractography of the Corticospinal Tract

Predictors of the efficacy of interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Tokyo-Chiba Hepatitis Research Group

Effects of age and gender on white matter integrity.