다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant machinery in abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants

Soil Chemical Analysis

BIOE 402. Medical Technology Assessment. 2 or 3 hours. Bioentrepreneur course. Assessment of medical technology in the context of commercialization. Objectives, competition, market share, funding, pricing, manufacturing, growth, and intellectual property; many issues unique to biomedical products. Course Information: 2 undergraduate hours. 3 graduate hours. Prerequisite(s): Junior standing or above and consent of the instructor.

“Bioinformatics” 특집을 내면서

Impatti, adattamento e vulnerabilita Le cause e le responsabilita dei cambiamenti climatici sono state trattate sul numero di ottobre della rivista Cda. Approfondiamo l’argomento presentando il documento: “Cambiamenti climatici 2007: impatti, adattamento e vulnerabilita” votato ad aprile 2007 dal secondo gruppo di lavoro del Comitato Intergovernativo sui Cambiamenti Climatici (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). Si tratta del secondo di tre documenti che compongono il quarto rapporto sui cambiamenti climatici.

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Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability.

Cis-regulatory elements (CREs) present in promoter region of a gene, regulates gene expression at transcriptional level. Expression profiling and study of predicted CREs in promoter region which are responsive to various factors, is an approach to predict the role of a gene in stress management of plants and this information can be exploited for the agricultural importance. This study focused on RuvB gene family from rice, which is one of the highly conserved gene family and is scarcely studied in plants. Role of OsRuvB genes to various stress conditions was studied with the help of microarray expression profiling and in silico prediction of CREs present in promoter region of these genes by using various databases-PlantCARE, TENOR and PlantPAN. Study of OsRuvB gene family promoters showed a wide range of CREs involved in hormonal regulation, developmental stages, metabolic processes, temperature response, abiotic and biotic stress tolerance. These CREs were further functionally validated with the real-time analysis for transcript level of these genes under various stress conditions. This study of OsRuvB family CREs gave a detailed insight into the possible functions performed by this conserved family. Further study and research in this family may help to bring us a step forward in stress management study in plants and also provide an important target gene for the agricultural crop improvement.

Prediction of cis-regulatory elements for a detailed insight of RuvB family genes from Oryza sativa

Cyclophilins are widely distributed both in eukaryotes and prokaryotes and have a primary role as peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerases (PPIases). This study focuses on the cloning, expression, purification and crystallization of a salinity-stress-induced cyclophilin A (CypA) homologue from the symbiotic fungus Piriformospora indica. Crystallization experiments in the presence of 56 mM sodium phosphate monobasic monohydrate, 1.34 M potassium phosphate dibasic pH 8.2 yielded crystals that were suitable for X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystals belonged to the orthorhombic space group C222(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 121.15, b = 144.12, c = 110.63 A. The crystals diffracted to a resolution limit of 2.0 A. Analysis of the diffraction data indicated the presence of three molecules of the protein per asymmetric unit (V(M) = 4.48 A(3) Da(-1), 72.6% solvent content).

Cloning, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of a cyclophilin A-like protein from Piriformospora indica

Chloroplasts are highly polyploid, semi-autonomous organelles containing their own DNA (circular) molecules organized into discrete membrane associated nucleoids. Chloroplast genome structure and overall gene order in higher plants are highly conserved. It contains the genes for ribosomal and transfer RNA, and for a substantial number of proteins for Photosystem I and II, ribosomes and stromal enzyme complexes. Chloroplast genome encodes only some of its proteins and rest are encoded in nuclear genome and which are posttranslationally imported into the chloroplast. Three land plant chloroplast genomes have been completely sequenced: the dicotyledon tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), the monocotyledon rice (Oryza sativa) and a liverwort (Marchanda polymorpha). In this chapter we have reviewed some of the highlights of research in chloroplast DNA of mainly higher plants which has ultimately led us to the present understanding of the nature of genetic inheritance of plastids. The studies described in this chapter have contributed significantly to the understanding of structure of chloroplast DNA, genes in the chloroplast DNA including light regulated genes and introns, replication and transcription of chloroplast DNA including promoters and transcription terminators.

Molecular Biology of Chloroplast Genome

The in vitro production of doubled haploid plants through androgenesis (anther and microspore culture) is an efficient system for the production of fully homozygous plants rapidly. To date, anther and microspore cultures are commonly used to accelerate breeding in a number of cereals and other crop species. Traditionally, plant breeders achieve homozygosity by using self-fertilization or backcrossing, which is a time consuming process. Significant advantage is that the system not only speeds up the process to obtain homozygosity, but also increases the selection efficiency. Doubled haploid plants are genetically normal and phenotypically stable. Abiotic stresses showed adverse effects on the growth of plants and the productivity of crops, thus resulting in significant economic losses worldwide. Conventional plant breeding is being employed to develop varieties resistant to abiotic stresses, but progress has been slow. There is a great need to exploit all genetic variabilities that can be used in breeding in adverse environmental conditions. Use of unconventional techniques, such as doubled haploid (DH) breeding through androgenesis will become more useful to speed up the application of conventional plant breeding methods. Genetic transformation is a novel approach for plant molecular genetics and breeding. This system offers an attractive alternative to conventional breeding programs because it can allow specific traits to be transferred into selected genotypes without adversely affecting their desirable genetic background. Till now, there are some reports using desirable genes to obtain stress tolerance transgenic plants with various transformation systems. There are some reports using explants directly to isolated microspores, protoplast isolation for microspore-derived suspension culture, anther and microspore-derived embryos for rapid production of transgenic fertile plants. However, this report mainly highlights the need to develop abiotic stress tolerance fertile transgenic plants, especially in cereal crops through androgenesis and genetic transformation system.

Production of Abiotic Stress Tolerant Fertile Transgenic Plants using Androgenesis and Genetic Transformation Methods in Cereal Crops

In the present era, with the increase in human population and the demand for food and materials, it is necessary to improve crop production with the implementation of efficient and fast methods Although the transgenic approach for crop improvement is an efficient method compared to breeding methods, the presence of tissue culture-based generation of transformants is still a hurdle for the successful transformation of many hardy crops Therefore, the approach of in planta transformation for raising transgenics is a better way for such recalcitrant crops In planta transformation is fast, more efficient, and a tissue culture-independent-based transformation method for crop improvement It has more advantage to those crops that lack regeneration and tissue culture systems This chapter summarizes the major methods of plant transformation, the advantages of in planta transformation over the tissue culture method, and the role of this method in the advancement of crop plants until now The application of in planta transformation is not bound with crop improvement only With the development of science and technology, plant transformation has become an important tool in understanding basic plant biology The application of such a fast and efficient method will increase the pace of understanding the major biological aspects in terms of plants and their improvement

Narendra Tuteja

Papers

Prediction of cis-regulatory elements for a detailed insight of RuvB family genes from Oryza sativa

Cloning, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of a cyclophilin A-like protein from Piriformospora indica

Molecular Biology of Chloroplast Genome

Production of Abiotic Stress Tolerant Fertile Transgenic Plants using Androgenesis and Genetic Transformation Methods in Cereal Crops

In planta transformation: A smart way of crop improvement