다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant machinery in abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants

Soil Chemical Analysis

BIOE 402. Medical Technology Assessment. 2 or 3 hours. Bioentrepreneur course. Assessment of medical technology in the context of commercialization. Objectives, competition, market share, funding, pricing, manufacturing, growth, and intellectual property; many issues unique to biomedical products. Course Information: 2 undergraduate hours. 3 graduate hours. Prerequisite(s): Junior standing or above and consent of the instructor.

“Bioinformatics” 특집을 내면서

Impatti, adattamento e vulnerabilita Le cause e le responsabilita dei cambiamenti climatici sono state trattate sul numero di ottobre della rivista Cda. Approfondiamo l’argomento presentando il documento: “Cambiamenti climatici 2007: impatti, adattamento e vulnerabilita” votato ad aprile 2007 dal secondo gruppo di lavoro del Comitato Intergovernativo sui Cambiamenti Climatici (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). Si tratta del secondo di tre documenti che compongono il quarto rapporto sui cambiamenti climatici.

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Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability.

Forisomes are spindle-shaped (about 1-3 µm wide and 10-30 µm long) contractile moving protein bodies found exclusively in phloem sieve tubes of Fabaceae (legume) plants. They are composed of ATP-independent, mechanically active proteins with several subunits called "forisomettes" and play important role in plant defence against injury. They expand and contract reversibly independent of ATP in response to changes of concentration of Ca2+ ions and pH or electric field. Although forisomes have been discovered decades ago, but only recently they received broader attention due to their ability to convert chemical into mechanical energy. Forisomes have possible applications as biomimetic smart materials (e.g. valves in microdevices), or smart composite materials for nanotechnological applications. Forisome-based smart materials can be used to synthesize self-powered monitoring and diagnostic systems for health monitoring. Here we discuss precise overview of forisomes from a historical viewpoint. We also enlist the scientific events leading to the identification and characterization of forisomes and their potential applications. The advancements in forisomes research have marked the evolution of new trends in the field of applied 'biomimetics' (means: to 'mimic life').

Forisomes as calcium-energized protein complex: A historical perspective

Mustard: Approaches for Crop Improvement and Abiotic Stress Tolerance

Crop growth and productivity is being seriously constrained by a range of abiotic stress factors all over the globe. Literature revealed that abiotic stress factors [temperature extremes (heat and cold), water extremes (drought and flooding), salinity, sodicity, wounding, metal/metalloid toxicity, excess light, radiations, high speed wind, nutrient loss, and anaerobic conditions] are the key reason for declining the usual yield of major crop plants by more than 50 %, which causes significant economic losses every year. A number of genes and their products respond to abiotic stress factors at transcriptional and translational level; therefore, genetic engineering for abiotic stress resistance is an important goal for protecting/improving agricultural crop productivity. Adaptation of plants to various environmental insults is reliant upon the establishment of cascades of molecular networks involved in stress perception, signal transduction, and the expression of stress-specific genes and metabolites. Thus, engineering stress-responsive genes which can protect and/or preserve the function may be a potential target to enhance stress tolerance in plants. Genetic engineering and DNA markers have now emerged as important gear in crop improvement.

Abiotic Stress Tolerance and Sustainable Agriculture: A Functional Genomics Perspective

Microorganisms in rhizosphere play an important role in soil processes that determine plant and soil productivity. Tremendous efforts have been made to explore mycorrhizal diversity along with benign role of bacterial population in soil habitats to understand the successful functioning of extraneous microbial bio-inoculants (AMF/PGPR) and their influence on soil health. Improvement in agricultural sustainability requires optimal use and management of soil fertility and soil physical property and relies on soil biological processes and soil biodiversity. Plants play an important role in selecting and enriching the type of microbes by the constituents of their root exudates. The mycorrhizal and bacterial community develops in the rhizosphere which is a result of diverse nature and concentration of organic constituents of exudates and the corresponding ability of them to utilize these as sources of energy. Therefore, rhizosphere microbial community has an efficient system for uptake and catabolism of organic compounds present in root exudates and further transportation in plants mediated through mycorrhizal helper bacteria.

Mycorrhizal Helper Bacteria: Sustainable Approach

Greenhouse experiments were conducted to assess the effects of soil salinity on Avicennia officinalis L. (Acanthaceae) of Gujarat at different salinity levels (0.2, 5.4, 10.3, 15.4, 20, 25.6, 30, and 34ppt). Growth and physiological characteristics were monitored over the subsequent 6 months. Total dry weight of plant tissues increased up to 5.1ppt, but decreased at high salt concentrations. Organic solute concentration, such as soluble sugars, proline, and glycine betaine, decreased with an increase in salinity concentration up to 5.1ppt, but increased with a further increase in salinity (above 5.1ppt). There was an increase in total chlorophyll and decrease in total free amino acids and protein oxidation up to 5.1 ppt, after that it showed the reverse trend with a further increase in salinity. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) continuously increased with an increase in salinity stress. Membrane leakage and lipid peroxidation decreased at 5.1 ppt, but increased with a further increase in salinity levels. The activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase, decreased at 5.1ppt, but increased with a further increase in salinity levels. The overall result suggests that A. officinalis has a remarkably high degree of salinity tolerance, and shows an optimal growth and high activity of reactive oxygen species-scavenging antioxidant enzymes when soil water salinity was 5.1ppt.

Narendra Tuteja

Papers

Forisomes as calcium-energized protein complex: A historical perspective

Mustard: Approaches for Crop Improvement and Abiotic Stress Tolerance

Abiotic Stress Tolerance and Sustainable Agriculture: A Functional Genomics Perspective

Mycorrhizal Helper Bacteria: Sustainable Approach

Salinity Tolerance of Avicennia officinalis L. (Acanthaceae) from Gujarat Coasts of India