This presentation is to give a brief introduction to sustainable development which is related to the quality of life in a society. In the first part, the economic, social and environmental aspects are discussed to define a sustainable society which provide a healthy, productive, meaningful life for generations, both present and future. The second part of the presentation would focus on presenting indicators of sustainability and their measures. Indicators generally simplify in order to make complex phenomena quantifiable so that information can be measured and communicated. Sustainability indicators reflect the reality that the three different segments, the economic, social and environmental, are very tightly interconnected. They like to be informed about the state of these segments and how and why they are changing. The target audiences of this presentation is people who involve in environmental, clean energy activitities or in sustainable development in general. It is expected to be helpful for the audiences in developing indicators for their actual works.

An Introduction to Sustainable Development

This paper presents results obtained from monitoring a 1.72 kWp photovoltaic system installed on a flat roof of a 12 m high building in Dublin, Ireland (latitude 53.4°N and longitude 6.3°E). The system was monitored between November 2008 and October 2009 and all the electricity generated was fed into the low voltage supply to the building. Monthly average daily and annual performance parameters of the PV system evaluated include: final yield, reference yield, array yield, system losses, array capture losses, cell temperature losses, PV module efficiency, system efficiency, inverter efficiency, performance ratio and capacity factor. The maximum solar radiation, ambient temperature and PV module temperature recorded were 1241 W/m2 in March, 29.5 °C and 46.9 °C in June respectively. The annual total energy generated was 885.1 kW h/kWp while the annual average daily final yield, reference yield and array yield were 2.41 kW h/kWp/day, 2.85 kW h/kWp/day and 2.62 kW h/kWp/day respectively. The annual average daily PV module efficiency, system efficiency and inverter efficiency were 14.9%, 12.6% and 89.2% respectively while the annual average daily performance ratio and capacity factor were 81.5% and 10.1% respectively. The annual average daily system losses, capture losses and cell temperature losses were 0.23 h/day, 0.22 h/day and 0.00 h/day respectively. Comparison of this system with other systems in different locations showed that the system had the highest annual average daily PV module efficiency, system efficiency and performance ratio of 14.9%, 12.6% and 81.5% respectively. The PV system’s annual average daily final yield of 2.4 kW h/kWp/day is higher than those reported in Germany, Poland and Northern Ireland. It is comparable to results from some parts of Spain but it is lower than the reported yields in most parts of Italy and Spain. Despite low insolation levels, high average wind speeds and low ambient temperature improve Ireland’s suitability.

Measured Performance of a 1.72 kW Rooftop Grid Connected Photovoltaic System in Ireland

The term Dust is called for any substance that spreads in the air which includes soil and dust particles (suspended dust), smoke, fog and particulate matters. It is formed from organic and inorganic substances of terrestrial origin. Such substances are like sand storms, factory smoke, bacteria, pollen, Forrest fires and volcanoes vapors. Also, they include solid atmospheric particles that stay suspended in the air for long periods, and that are able to move with wind movements for long distances. It represents large differences in volume, shape, distribution and concentrations. Dust-storms are an environmental phenomenon that transcends boundaries and their growing intensity and frequency-as a result of increasing desertification and decreasing vegetation coverage-has a tremendous negative impact on national and regional human and socio-economic development. In this study, a review of Iraqi geographical and meteorically characteristics will be made. In addition, a review of the human activities that increased desertification in Iraq areas that reflects on increasing sand and dust storms in the country will also be reviewed. The focus on dust causes, types and specifications was a priority in order to analyze its effects on PV systems. PV systems performance is affected by dust and dust storms highly influence the energy collected. A comprehensive review for the effect of dust on PV in Iraq is represented to researchers; designers and engineers dealing with PV systems in Iraq.

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Dust effect on photovoltaic utilization in Iraq: Review article

Parameters extraction of single and double diodes photovoltaic models using Marine Predators Algorithm and Lambert W function

When discussing the commercial applications of photovoltaic (PV) systems, one of the most critical problems is to estimate the efficiency of a PV system because current (I) – voltage (V) and power (P) – voltage (V) characteristics are highly non-linear. It should be noted that most of the manufacturer’s datasheets do not have complete information on the electrical equivalent parameters of PV systems that are necessary for simulating an effective PV module. Compared to conventional approaches, computational optimization and global research strategies are more acceptable as an effective alternative to parameter estimation of solar PV modules. Recently, a Gradient-based optimizer (GBO) is reported to solve the engineering design optimization problems. However, the basic GBO algorithm is stuck in local optima when handling complex non-linear problems. In this sense, this paper presents a new optimization technique called the Chaotic-GBO (CGBO) algorithm to derive the parameters of PV modules while offering precise I-V and P-V curves. To this end, the CGBO algorithm is based on a chaotic generator to obtain the PV parameters combined with the GBO algorithm. There are five case studies considered to validate the performance of the proposed CGBO algorithm. A quantitative and qualitative performance evaluation reveals that the proposed CGBO algorithm has improved results than other state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of accuracy and robustness when obtaining PV parameters. The average RMSE values and runtime of five case studies are equal to 9.8427E-04, 2.3700E-04, 2.4251E-03, 4.3524E-03 and 1.8349E-03, and 18.44, 17.78, 18.18, 18.28 and 17.97, respectively. The results proved the superiority of the proposed CGBO algorithm over the different selected algorithms. For future research, this study will be backed up with external support at https://premkumarmanoharan.wixsite.com/mysite .

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Identification of Solar Photovoltaic Model Parameters Using an Improved Gradient-Based Optimization Algorithm With Chaotic Drifts

Modeling of PV system and parameter extraction based on experimental data: Review and investigation

This research displays the performance analysis of a 5kWp CIGS PV Solar system fixed at al Mansour company, Iraq-Baghdad (latitude 33.3Â°N, longitude 44.4Â°E and 41m above the sea level) and the Â comparison with PVsyst simulation program to find out the possibility of CIGS system under Baghdad climate. The system was observed during all year of 2017. The Average daily Array, reference and Final yields of the system were 5kWh/kWp (h/day), 6.1kWh/kWp and 4.85kWh/kWp, respectively. The yearly energy yield was 1781.8kWh/kWp. the Annual Energy produced from this system is 8820.2kWh and the annual global horizontal solar irradiation (GHI) received in Baghdad is 1986.4kWh/m 2 . The yearly average of system and array losses were 0.18kWh/kWp and 1.1kWh/kWp, the yearly average of array, system and inverter efficiencies were 12.7%, 12.1% and 96.47%, respectively. The capacity factor and performance ratio were 20.4% and 80.2%, respectively. These values indicate very good performance for CIGS PV solar system fixed in Baghdad city of Iraq. the comparison between PVsyst and CIGS will tack place in conclusion and discussion.

https://ijsmartgrid.org/index.php/ijsmartgridnew/article/download/57/pdf

Performance Analysis Of Grid-Connected CIGS PV Solar System And Comparison with PVsyst Simulation Program

One of the challenges facing investment in photovoltaic (PV) energy is the accumulation of dust on the surface of the PV panels due to frequent dust storms in many countries, including Iraq. Surface dust particles reduce solar irradiance which declining the electrical performance of the PV solar systems. Therefore, this paper proposes an experimental study to analyze and evaluate the power efficiency of a PV system installed in Baghdad city, Iraq. The performance of dusty solar PV array is compared with that of the clean array of the same PV system. The clean solar array is equipped with an automatic-sprayer cleaning system that is powered by the PV system. The automatic cleaning system utilized in the test system reduces human effort by cleaning the PV array using closed-cycle water with low energy consumption (less than 10 Wh). The PV array under test is part of a 15 kW grid-tied PV system. The experimental results show significant improvement in the performance parameters of efficiency, performance ratio, and the energy gain compared to the clean array. Furthermore, the experimental study contributes to a reduction in CO2 emission, which is substantial for the Iraqi environment that suffers from predominate fossil-fuel power plants.

/pdf/experimental-study-for-the-effect-of-dust-cleaning-on-the-x3ajhte3mj.pdf

Experimental study for the effect of dust cleaning on the performance of grid-tied photovoltaic solar systems

The performance analyses of 15 kWp (kW peak) Grid -Tied solar PV system (that considered first of its type) implemented at the Training and Energy Research Center Subsidiary of Iraqi Ministry of Electricity in Baghdad city has been achieved. The system consists of 72 modules arranged in 6 strings were each string contains 12 modules connected in series to increase the voltage output while these strings connected in parallel to increase the current output. According to the observed duration, the reference daily yields, array daily yields and final daily yields of this system were (5.9, 4.56, 4.4) kWh/kWp/day respectively. The energy yield was 1585 kWh/kWp/year while the annual total solar irradiation received by solar array system was 1986.4kWh/m2. The average power losses per day of array, system losses and overall losses were (1.38, 0.15, 1.53) kWh/kWp/day respectively. The average capacity factor and performance ratio per year were 18.4% and 75.5% respectively. These results highlighted the performance analyses of this PV solar system located in Baghdad city. The performance can be considered as good and significant comparing with other world PV solar stations.

https://joe.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/main/article/download/j.eng.2020.04.02/734

Naseer K. Kasim

Papers

Modeling of PV system and parameter extraction based on experimental data: Review and investigation

Performance Analysis Of Grid-Connected CIGS PV Solar System And Comparison with PVsyst Simulation Program

Experimental study for the effect of dust cleaning on the performance of grid-tied photovoltaic solar systems

Performance Analyses of 15 kW Grid-Tied Photo Voltaic Solar System Type under Baghdad city climate

Improve the performance of solar modules by reflectors