Taber's Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

Atomic Absorption Spectrometry 4653 Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry 4653 Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry 4654 Volatile Species Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrometry 4654 Direct Solids Atomic Absorption Spectrometry 4655 Continuum Source Atomic Absorption Spectrometry 4655 Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry 4655 Atomic Emission Spectrometry 4656 DC Arc and Low-Power RF Radiation Sources 4656 Inductively Coupled Plasmas 4656 Microwave Induced Plasmas 4658 Microplasmas 4658 Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy 4658 Glow Discharge Optical Emission and Mass Spectrometry 4660 Fundamental Studies 4660 Methodological Studies and Applications of GD-OES and GDMS 4661 New GD Sources for Novel Applications and Combined GD-LA Systems 4663 Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry 4664 Fundamental Studies 4665 Instrumental Developments and Applications 4667 Literature Cited 4677

Atomic spectroscopy: a review.

Minerals are inorganic compounds that are essential to the support of a variety of biological functions. Understanding the range and variability of the content of these minerals in biological samples can provide insight into the relationships between mineral content and the health of individuals. In particular, abnormal mineral content may serve as an indicator of illness. The development of robust, reliable analytical methods for the determination of the mineral content of biological samples is essential to developing biological models for understanding the relationship between minerals and illnesses. This paper describes a method for the analysis of the mineral content of small volumes of serum and whole blood samples from healthy individuals. Interday and intraday precision for the mineral content of the blood (250 μL) and serum (250 μL) samples was measured for eight essential minerals—sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and selenium (Se)—by plasma spectrometric methods and ranged from 0.635 to 10.1 % relative standard deviation (RSD) for serum and 0.348–5.98 % for whole blood. A comparison of the determined ranges for ten serum samples and six whole blood samples provided good agreement with literature reference ranges. The results demonstrate that the digestion and analysis methods can be used to reliably measure the content of these minerals and potentially of other minerals.

Analysis of human serum and whole blood for mineral content by ICP-MS and ICP-OES: development of a mineralomics method.

Supramolecular engineering of hydrogels for drug delivery

A new rhodamine derivative (RhS) with a recognition capability for Cu 2+ was synthesized and employed as a reversible fluorescent probe for Cu 2+ in drinking water and living cells. The spirolactam ring-opening of probe RhS induced by Cu 2+ lead to a highly selective fluorescence “turn-on” response toward Cu 2+ over other metal ions with micromolar sensitivity. The 1:1 stoichiometric structure between RhS and Cu 2+ were supported by Job's plot, MS and DFT theoretical calculations. The analytical results obtained by UV–vis and fluorescence spectrophotometry show that the linear range and the limit of detection (LOD) of the present probe for Cu 2+ are 0.50–20.00 and 0.11 μmol L −1 , respectively. The present probe was applied to the detection of Cu 2+ in drinking water with the recoveries ranging from 100.4 to 101.2%, and the fluorescence imaging for living HeLa cells.

A sensitive fluorescent probe for Cu2+ based on rhodamine B derivatives and its application to drinking water examination and living cells imaging

Simultaneous determination of Fe, P, Ca, Mg, Zn, and Cu in whole blood by two-jet plasma atomic emission spectrometry.

This paper describes an analytical method for trace element determination in bone tissues. The study of the influence of the bone matrix showed that the addition of 25% ground bone to graphite powder with introduced impurities did not affect the analytical signal of elements in the spectral excitation in a two-jet plasma. On basis of these investigations a method for direct multielement analysis of bone tissues was suggested. The sample preparation procedure consisted in mixing powdered bone (particle size 30 μm or less) with a spectroscopic buffer (graphite powder plus NaCl) in ratio 1:3 or to a greater extent depending on the analyte concentration. Reference samples based on graphite powder were used for construction of calibration curves. The NaCl concentration in analyzed and calibration samples was 15 wt%. The effect of particle size was revealed from the determination of Ba, Sr, and Mg. To eliminate this effect, treatment of the samples with nitric acid was proposed. The validation of the technique was confirmed by comparison of the analysis results of a bone sample with those obtained by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry after wet acid digestion. The limits of detection estimated for 20 elements were the following (μg g-1): 0.1 (Ag), 1.0 (Al), 1.0 (Ba), 0.1 (Be), 1.2 (Bi), 0.4 (Cd), 1.0 (Co), 0.2 (Cu), 0.6 (Cr), 1.9 (In), 2 (Fe), 0.3 (Ga), 0.4 (Mn), 0.4 (Mo), 0.7 (Ni), 1.0 (Pb), 0.7 (Sn), 0.8 (Tl), 5 (Sr), 1.0 (Zn).

Determination of trace elements in bone by two-jet plasma atomic emission spectrometry

Solid sampling in analysis of animal organs by two-jet plasma atomic emission spectrometry

Consideration on excitation mechanisms in a high-power two-jet plasma

In this paper, we have performed determination of the concentration of twenty elements in seven human organs (spleen, liver, kidney, muscle, heart, lungs, and brain) using two-jet plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The method allows multielemental analysis of solid samples without wet acid digestion. Before analysis, all human organs were first dried, ground to powders, and carbonized. The relative content of elements in each of the seven organs was very different depending on the donor. The average content of twenty elements in various organs varied in the following ranges (μg/g of dry weight): Ag (<0.02–0.2), Al (2.1–263), B (<0.5–2.5), Ca (323–1650), Cd (<0.1–114), Co (<0.2–1.0), Cr (<0.5–4.0), Cu (4.2–47), Fe (156–2900), Mg (603–1305), Mn (0.47–8.5), Mo (<0.2–4.9), Ni (<0.3–3.1), Pb (<0.3–1.9), Si (31.6–2390), Sn (<0.3–3.2), Sr (0.2–1.0), Ti (<2–31, mainly in lungs), and Zn (120–292). The concentration range of Ba in organs of five donors was <0.2–6.9 and 2.0–5600 for one donor with pneumoconiosis (baritosis). The maximum element contents were found, respectively, in the following organs: Al, B, Cr, Ni, Si, Sn, Sr, Ti (lungs), Fe (lungs and spleen), Mn (liver and kidney), Ag and Mo (liver), Ca (lungs and kidney), Cu (brain), Cd (kidney), Pb (brain), and Zn (liver, kidney, and muscle). The minimal content of elements was observed, respectively, in the following organs: Ag (all organs except liver), Ba (spleen, muscles, and brain), Ca and Mg (liver), Si (liver, muscle, and brain), Cd and Sr (heart and brain), Al, Cu, Fe, and Mn (muscle), and Zn (spleen and brain). The analysis of possible biological role and reasons for the increased content of some elements in the organs analyzed was carried out.

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Natalia P. Zaksas

Papers

Simultaneous determination of Fe, P, Ca, Mg, Zn, and Cu in whole blood by two-jet plasma atomic emission spectrometry.

Determination of trace elements in bone by two-jet plasma atomic emission spectrometry

Solid sampling in analysis of animal organs by two-jet plasma atomic emission spectrometry

Consideration on excitation mechanisms in a high-power two-jet plasma

Twenty Element Concentrations in Human Organs Determined by Two-Jet Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry.