Showing papers by "Neal Doran published in 2013"
TL;DR: Structural equation modeling indicated that the effects of the impulsivity components of sensation seeking and negative urgency on risk of smoking initiation were mediated by expectancies for positive and negative reinforcement from smoking, respectively.
Abstract: This study reports on a prospective test of the Acquired Preparedness Model, which posits that impulsivity influences cigarette smoking through the formation of more positive and fewer negative expectancies about smoking effects. College freshman never-smokers (n = 400; 45% male) completed a baseline interview and quarterly online follow-up assessments for 15 months after baseline. Structural equation modeling indicated that the effects of the impulsivity components of sensation seeking and negative urgency on risk of smoking initiation were mediated by expectancies for positive and negative reinforcement from smoking, respectively. Expectancies about negative consequences from smoking predicted initiation but did not mediate the effects of sensation seeking or negative urgency. Findings are consistent with the Acquired Preparedness Model and suggest that heightened impulsivity is associated with heightened expectancies for reinforcement from smoking, and thus with greater risk for smoking initiation.
84 citations
TL;DR: Students who initiate smoking during college appear at risk for increased alcohol involvement, partly explained by environmental contextual factors, specifically exposure to situations involving other smokers that also may result in greater exposure to alcohol use.
Abstract: Objective:Little is known about the relationship between cigarette smoking initiation and subsequent alcohol involvement. To address this question, the present study compared alcohol use between students who initiated smoking during college and a matched sample of never-smoking students. We hypothesized greater increases in alcohol involvement among smoking initiators, mediated by exposure to cigarette use situations.Method:Included in the present study were 104 Chinese American and Korean American undergraduates who at baseline (freshman year) reported never having smoked a cigarette. Subjects were drawn from 433 participants in a naturalistic longitudinal study of tobacco use who were assessed annually each year in college. Cigarette smoking status was assessed annually as part of a structured interview. Initiators and never-smokers were matched on gender, ethnicity, baseline alcohol use, parental smoking status, and behavioral undercontrol.Results:As predicted, participants who initiated smoking during...
17 citations
TL;DR: The findings suggest that particular physical HRQoL domains may be subject to improvement if PTSD symptoms decrease over time.
Abstract: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, particularly numbing and hyperarousal symptoms, are related to poor physical health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Tobacco dependence is also associated with poor HRQoL, and individuals with PTSD may smoke at higher rates than the general population. Our study aimed to examine the impact of quitting smoking and changes in PTSD symptoms over time on changes in physical HRQoL. The study used archival data from enrollees (N = 943) in a smoking cessation clinical trial for veterans with PTSD (VA Cooperative study #519). Two of the physical HRQoL domains were sensitive to changes in PTSD symptoms over time: General Health and Vitality. Our findings suggest that particular physical HRQoL domains may be subject to improvement if PTSD symptoms decrease over time.
15 citations
TL;DR: Testing the hypothesis that the effects of impulsivity (sensation seeking and negative urgency) on smoking initiation in a sample of college students would be mediated by alcohol consumption suggested the existence of multiple pathways to alcohol and tobacco use and co-use in college students.
Abstract: Alcohol and tobacco use are strongly associated, particularly in younger populations, and concurrent use may encourage progression toward dependence on both substances. Impulsivity has been linked to the use of alcohol and tobacco individually, but has not been studied in terms of its association with use of both. This study tested the hypothesis that the effects of impulsivity (sensation seeking and negative urgency) on smoking initiation in a sample of college students (n = 400) would be mediated by alcohol consumption. We also predicted that sensation seeking and negative urgency would predict alcohol and cigarette use and overlap among initiators. Sensation seeking and negative urgency both predicted smoking initiation, but only the former effect was mediated by alcohol use. Among initiators, sensation seeking was associated with more frequent alcohol use as well as more frequent overlap between alcohol and tobacco use but not with smoking frequency. Higher negative urgency was associated wit...
14 citations
TL;DR: This study tested whether DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA genotype predicted smoking initiation and subsequent use, and effects were mediated by sensation seeking and negative urgency and indicated that the A1 allele was associated with initiation.
Abstract: This study tested whether DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA genotype predicted smoking initiation and subsequent use, and effects were mediated by sensation seeking and negative urgency. Between 2009 and 2012, college never smokers (n = 387) completed six assessments over 15 months; those who reported smoking were classified as initiators. Logistic regression indicated that the A1 allele was associated with initiation (p = .003). This effect was partially mediated by sensation seeking and negative urgency. Effects were stronger in Asian Americans. Findings have implications for improving prevention by including elements focused on urges to seek positive or negative reinforcement. Limitations and future directions are discussed.
11 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared expert consultant trainers and less experienced, in-house trainers in providing basic training in motivational interviewing (MI) for juvenile corrections employees, and found that MINT trainees were more motivated to learn MI and expected it to be more effective in their work compared with those trained by corrections staff.
Abstract: Purpose. This study was designed to compare expert consultant trainers and less experienced, in-house trainers in providing basic training in motivational interviewing (MI) for juvenile corrections employees.
Methods. Trainees (n= 1,552) attended a 3-day workshop administered by either a member of the Motivational Interviewing Network of Trainers (MINT) or a corrections staff member who had been trained by a MINT trainer.
Results. Pre- to post-test MI knowledge and skill gains did not vary between MINT expert and internal trainers, and increased for both groups. MINT trainees were more motivated to learn MI and expected it to be more effective in their work compared with those trained by corrections staff. MINT trainers were perceived as more knowledgeable about the topic, whereas corrections staff trainers were rated as better at utilizing handouts and visual aids. The groups did not differ on other measures of trainee satisfaction.
Conclusions. These data suggest that a train-the-trainers model, in which expert consultants provide initial trainings to develop a pool of staff to provide subsequent trainings, may be as effective as a model that relies exclusively on expert trainers.
10 citations
TL;DR: Findings are consistent with previous tobacco research indicating that FH+adolescents have more negative expectancies about cigarette smoking, and suggest that adolescents observing negative consequences or receiving negative messages from their parents about cigarettes may be less likely to experiment with smoking.
4 citations