The current evidence suggests that many diet and exercise interventions to prevent obesity in children are not effective in preventing weight gain, but can be effective in promoting a healthy diet and increased physical activity levels.Being very overweight (obese) can cause health, psychological and social problems for children. Children who are obese are more likely to have weight and health problems as adults. Programmes designed to prevent obesity focus on modifying one or more of the factors considered to promote obesity.This review included 22 studies that tested a variety of intervention programmes, which involved increased physical activity and dietary changes, singly or in combination. Participants were under 18 and living in Asia, South America, Europe or North America. There is not enough evidence from trials to prove that any one particular programme can prevent obesity in children, although comprehensive strategies to address dietary and physical activity change, together with psycho-social support and environmental change may help. There was a trend for newer interventions to involve their respective communities and to include evaluations.Future research might usefully assess changes made on behalf of entire populations, such as improvements in the types of foods available at schools and in the availability of safe places to run and play, and should assess health effects and costs over several years.The programmes in this review used different strategies to prevent obesity so direct comparisons were difficult. Also, the duration of the studies ranged from 12 weeks to three years, but most lasted less than a year.

/pdf/interventions-for-preventing-obesity-in-children-4arhbcud58.pdf

Interventions for preventing obesity in children

Pedagogia do Oprimido

Background The World Health Organization estimates that 19 million deaths worldwide are attributable to physical inactivity Chronic diseases associated with physical inactivity include cancer, diabetes and coronary heart disease Objectives The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize the evidence of the effectiveness of school-based interventions in promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents Search strategy The search strategy included searching several databases In addition, reference lists of included articles and background papers were reviewed for potentially relevant studies, as well as references from relevant Cochrane reviews Primary authors of included studies were contacted as needed for additional information Selection criteria To be included, the intervention had to be relevant to public health practice, implemented, facilitated, or promoted by staff in local public health units, implemented in a school setting and aimed at increasing physical activity, report on outcomes for children and adolescents (aged 6 to 18 years), and use a prospective design with a control group Data collection and analysis Standardized tools were used by two independent reviewers to rate each studyﾒs methodological quality and for data extraction Where discrepancies existed discussion occurred until consensus was reached The results were summarized narratively due to wide variations in the populations, interventions evaluated and outcomes measured Main results 13,841 titles were identified and screened and 482 articles were retrieved Multiple publications on the same project were combined and counted as one project, resulting in 395 distinct project accounts (studies) Of the 395 studies 104 were deemed relevant and of those, four were assessed as having strong methodological quality, 22 were of moderate quality and 78 were considered weak In total 26 studies were included in the review There is good evidence that school-based physical activity interventions have a positive impact on four of the nine outcome measures Specifically positive effects were observed for duration of physical activity, television viewing, VO2 max, and blood cholesterol Generally school-based interventions had no effect on leisure time physical activity rates, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, and pulse rate At a minimum, a combination of printed educational materials and changes to the school curriculum that promote physical activity result in positive effects Authors' conclusions Given that there are no harmful effects and that there is some evidence of positive effects on lifestyle behaviours and physical health status measures, ongoing physical activity promotion in schools is recommended at this time

/pdf/school-based-physical-activity-programs-for-promoting-gw0a82ku2q.pdf

School-based physical activity programs for promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents aged 6-18.

Capitulo 1 : Nao ha docencia sem discencia - O autor inicia o capitulo 1 fazendo algumas consideracoes sobre a pratica docente. Nao existe docencia sem discencia! Essa e a principal licao deste capitulo. O docente deve aliar a teoria a pratica, incentivando a producao do conhecimento pelo aluno. Deve remove-lo da condicao de mero aprendiz, de mero receptor do conhecimento. Para que isto ocorra, porem, uma mudanca na mentalidade e necessaria. Nao na cabeca do aluno, mas na cabeca do professor. Ele deve estar ciente de sua funcao de incentivador a producao do conhecimento pelo proprio aluno, pensando de forma critica sobre a relacao ensino-aprendizagem. E indispensavel que o formando desde o principio assuma-se como sujeito da producao do saber se convenca definitivamente de que ensinar nao e transferir conhecimento. Questiona a funcao de educador autoritario e conservador, que nao permite a participacao dos educandos, suas curiosidades, insubmissoes, e as suas vivencias adquiridas no decorrer da vida e do seu meio social. Capitulo 2: Ensinar nao e transferir conhecimento - Saber que ensinar nao e transferir conhecimento, mas cria as possibilidades para a sua propria producao ou sua construcao. Quando um docente entra em uma sala de aula ele devera estar aberto a indagacoes, a curiosidade, as perguntas dos alunos, as suas inibicoes. Um ser critico e inquiridor, inquieto em face da tarefa que tem- a de ensinar e nao a de transferir conhecimento. E preciso insistir: este saber necessario ao professor - que ensinar nao e transferir conhecimento-nao apenas precisa ser aprendido por ele e pelos educandos, mas tambem precisa ser constantemente testemunhado, vivido. Capitulo 3: Ensinar e uma especificidade humana - Uma das qualidades essenciais que a autoridade docente democratica deve revelar em suas relacoes com as liberdades dos alunos e a seguranca em si mesma. E a seguranca que se expressa na firmeza com que atua com que decide com que respeita as liberdades, com que discute suas proprias posicoes, com que aceita rever-se. Segura de si, a autoridade nao necessita de, a cada instante, fazer um discurso sobre sua existencia, sobre si mesmo. Segura de si, ela e porque tem autoridade, porque a exerce com indiscutivel sabedoria. Todo professor deve sempre levar a serio sua formacao, sempre estar atualizado, se esforcando para tarefa de lecionar. Deve tratar todos os alunos com carinho, respeito, sem arrogância, sem ar de superioridade para que a construcao do conhecimento se de fato e entre ambos. Uma sala quieta nao significa aprendizado. Todo educador precisa ser seguro no andar, falar e principalmente ensinar pois querendo ou nao materia mas e poder satisfazer tambem a curiosidade de seus alunos sendo gentil e dizer “vou procurar e trago da proxima vez”. Com essas caracteristicas voce sera um bom educador.

PEDAGOGIA DA AUTONOMIA: Saberes Necessários à Prática Educativa

La toma de decisiones en la practica diaria del enfermero necesita ser basada en conocimiento cientifico. La practica basada en evidencias es una aproximacion que establece la utilizacion de resultados de investigaciones en la practica clinica, con la revision integradora como uno de sus recursos. La finalidad de esta revision integradora es buscar y evaluar las evidencias disponibles sobre las intervenciones eficaces de enfermeria para la prevencion de lesiones de piel en el paciente quirurgico, en el periodo transoperatorio, o como resultado del mismo. Utilizamos dos bases de datos, Cinahl y Medline, para la seleccion de los articulos, resultando en una muestra de 14 articulos. Tras el analisis de los articulos incluidos en la revision, los resultados de los estudios indicaron que los dispositivos considerados los mas eficaces en la prevencion de lesiones de piel fueron, sucesivamente, el sistema de colchon dinamico pulsante multi-celula, la almohada de polimero seco visco-elastico y almohadas con gel.

/pdf/prevencion-de-lesiones-de-piel-en-el-perioperatorio-revision-3i7si4l5sv.pdf

Prevención de lesiones de piel en el perioperatorio: revisión integradora de la literatura

/pdf/nursing-health-promotion-actions-in-the-assessment-of-child-1aen948hzk.pdf

Nursing health promotion actions in the assessment of child growth and development

Aim: To investigate the causes of maternal death in a regional health jurisdiction of the Brazilian state of Maranhao. Method: This is a retrospective study exploring the maternal deaths from 2007 to 2011. The maternal deaths analyzed were of women between 10 and 49 years old during the pregnancy-puerperal cycle. Results: Among the most frequent causes of death, the main one noted was gestational hypertension syndrome (GHS) (37.9%), followed by hemorrhagic syndrome (31.1%) and other causes (31%). Conclusion: The maternal mortality ratio of the regional health jurisdiction studied is elevated and, even if the numbers used were underestimated, urgent reduction measures must be adopted, especially when dealing with prevention and control of GHS, the main cause of maternal mortality in this jurisdiction.

http://www.objnursing.uff.br/index.php/nursing/article/download/4183/pdf_13

Maternal mortality in a regional health jurisdiction in the Brazilian state of Maranhão: a retrospective study

INTRODUCTION: Social determinants are understood as the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age, reflecting positively or negatively in their lives. This is seen mainly in adolescents, leaving them susceptible to risks and vulnerabilities that are associated with social inequities, The study of them allows us to identify the influence of these determinants in adolescence. This study aimed to analyze the Social Determinants of Health: Risks and Vulnerabilities in Adolescence through established categories. METHODS: Critical analysis about the social determinants of health and the risks and vulnerabilities in adolescence. There was division into two categories: Risk and Vulnerability in Adolescence and Social Determinants of Health in Adolescence, which identified their most relevant aspects. RESULTS: The abuse of alcohol and drugs, labor exploitation, violence, unplanned pregnancy and infection by STD / HIV / AIDS were the main risks and vulnerabilities found in adolescence, and those were influenced by social determinants of health. CONCLUSION: Health inequities are complex issues that permeate many aspects, both individually and collectively. Although there are policies for the care of adolescent health, there is the need for effective strategies or new empathic and active policies to minimize damages and to provide quality of life as well as the reduction of health inequities.

/pdf/social-determinants-of-health-risks-and-vulnerability-in-3d0bhd6yah.pdf

Social Determinants of Health: Risks and Vulnerability in Adolescence

Este estudo teve o objetivo de conhecer como ocorrem as conversas entre pais e filhos adolescentes sobre sexo/sexualidade e medidas preventivas de HIV/AIDS. Foram entrevistados 26 pais de adolescentes matriculados em uma escola publica do Municipio de Fortaleza, Ceara, Brasil. Os resultados do estudo mostraram que a maioria dos pais tem motivacao e interesse de conversar com os filhos sobre a tematica, apesar de alguns terem relatado dificuldades em abordar o assunto com os filhos. Percebe-se que a maioria das conversas ocorridas na familia apresenta carater de advertencia e nao existe maior esclarecimento sobre medidas preventivas de HIV/AIDS ou de uma gravidez indesejada. E preciso que os profissionais de saude adotem estrategias para a adocao do dialogo informativo com os pais e adolescentes a respeito das diferentes situacoes ocasionadas pelas relacoes sexuais desprotegidas, inovando a forma e a qualidade das informacoes, de modo a viabilizar maior aderencia desta populacao as praticas de comportamento sexual seguro.

/pdf/o-comportamento-dos-pais-em-relacao-a-comunicacao-com-os-10mt6gi38l.pdf

O comportamento dos pais em relação à comunicação com os filhos adolescentes sobre prevenção de hiv/aids

This paper aims at analyzing three research studies that focused on the effects of the perception in adults´ attitudes with the purpose to improve the health care provided to children. Although each study had a distinct area of investigation, all of them adopted the ethnographic approach on the interaction between the adults and children. This work aimed at reporting the researchers' reflections with respect to: i) the adoption of the ethnographic approach in Nursing studies; ii) the theoretical perspectives that are relevant in the production of themes. Authors considered the value of this reflection after the research and its potential in order to understand how it can contribute to consolidate the health care theoretical frameworks in general, and the nursing care models, in particular.

/pdf/reflexao-sobre-a-abordagem-etnografica-em-tres-pesquisas-4mck7y8a49.pdf

Neiva Francenely Cunha Vieira

Papers

Nursing health promotion actions in the assessment of child growth and development

Maternal mortality in a regional health jurisdiction in the Brazilian state of Maranhão: a retrospective study

Social Determinants of Health: Risks and Vulnerability in Adolescence

O comportamento dos pais em relação à comunicação com os filhos adolescentes sobre prevenção de hiv/aids

Reflexão sobre a abordagem etnográfica em três pesquisas