The current evidence suggests that many diet and exercise interventions to prevent obesity in children are not effective in preventing weight gain, but can be effective in promoting a healthy diet and increased physical activity levels.Being very overweight (obese) can cause health, psychological and social problems for children. Children who are obese are more likely to have weight and health problems as adults. Programmes designed to prevent obesity focus on modifying one or more of the factors considered to promote obesity.This review included 22 studies that tested a variety of intervention programmes, which involved increased physical activity and dietary changes, singly or in combination. Participants were under 18 and living in Asia, South America, Europe or North America. There is not enough evidence from trials to prove that any one particular programme can prevent obesity in children, although comprehensive strategies to address dietary and physical activity change, together with psycho-social support and environmental change may help. There was a trend for newer interventions to involve their respective communities and to include evaluations.Future research might usefully assess changes made on behalf of entire populations, such as improvements in the types of foods available at schools and in the availability of safe places to run and play, and should assess health effects and costs over several years.The programmes in this review used different strategies to prevent obesity so direct comparisons were difficult. Also, the duration of the studies ranged from 12 weeks to three years, but most lasted less than a year.

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Interventions for preventing obesity in children

Pedagogia do Oprimido

Background The World Health Organization estimates that 19 million deaths worldwide are attributable to physical inactivity Chronic diseases associated with physical inactivity include cancer, diabetes and coronary heart disease Objectives The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize the evidence of the effectiveness of school-based interventions in promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents Search strategy The search strategy included searching several databases In addition, reference lists of included articles and background papers were reviewed for potentially relevant studies, as well as references from relevant Cochrane reviews Primary authors of included studies were contacted as needed for additional information Selection criteria To be included, the intervention had to be relevant to public health practice, implemented, facilitated, or promoted by staff in local public health units, implemented in a school setting and aimed at increasing physical activity, report on outcomes for children and adolescents (aged 6 to 18 years), and use a prospective design with a control group Data collection and analysis Standardized tools were used by two independent reviewers to rate each studyﾒs methodological quality and for data extraction Where discrepancies existed discussion occurred until consensus was reached The results were summarized narratively due to wide variations in the populations, interventions evaluated and outcomes measured Main results 13,841 titles were identified and screened and 482 articles were retrieved Multiple publications on the same project were combined and counted as one project, resulting in 395 distinct project accounts (studies) Of the 395 studies 104 were deemed relevant and of those, four were assessed as having strong methodological quality, 22 were of moderate quality and 78 were considered weak In total 26 studies were included in the review There is good evidence that school-based physical activity interventions have a positive impact on four of the nine outcome measures Specifically positive effects were observed for duration of physical activity, television viewing, VO2 max, and blood cholesterol Generally school-based interventions had no effect on leisure time physical activity rates, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, and pulse rate At a minimum, a combination of printed educational materials and changes to the school curriculum that promote physical activity result in positive effects Authors' conclusions Given that there are no harmful effects and that there is some evidence of positive effects on lifestyle behaviours and physical health status measures, ongoing physical activity promotion in schools is recommended at this time

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School-based physical activity programs for promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents aged 6-18.

Capitulo 1 : Nao ha docencia sem discencia - O autor inicia o capitulo 1 fazendo algumas consideracoes sobre a pratica docente. Nao existe docencia sem discencia! Essa e a principal licao deste capitulo. O docente deve aliar a teoria a pratica, incentivando a producao do conhecimento pelo aluno. Deve remove-lo da condicao de mero aprendiz, de mero receptor do conhecimento. Para que isto ocorra, porem, uma mudanca na mentalidade e necessaria. Nao na cabeca do aluno, mas na cabeca do professor. Ele deve estar ciente de sua funcao de incentivador a producao do conhecimento pelo proprio aluno, pensando de forma critica sobre a relacao ensino-aprendizagem. E indispensavel que o formando desde o principio assuma-se como sujeito da producao do saber se convenca definitivamente de que ensinar nao e transferir conhecimento. Questiona a funcao de educador autoritario e conservador, que nao permite a participacao dos educandos, suas curiosidades, insubmissoes, e as suas vivencias adquiridas no decorrer da vida e do seu meio social. Capitulo 2: Ensinar nao e transferir conhecimento - Saber que ensinar nao e transferir conhecimento, mas cria as possibilidades para a sua propria producao ou sua construcao. Quando um docente entra em uma sala de aula ele devera estar aberto a indagacoes, a curiosidade, as perguntas dos alunos, as suas inibicoes. Um ser critico e inquiridor, inquieto em face da tarefa que tem- a de ensinar e nao a de transferir conhecimento. E preciso insistir: este saber necessario ao professor - que ensinar nao e transferir conhecimento-nao apenas precisa ser aprendido por ele e pelos educandos, mas tambem precisa ser constantemente testemunhado, vivido. Capitulo 3: Ensinar e uma especificidade humana - Uma das qualidades essenciais que a autoridade docente democratica deve revelar em suas relacoes com as liberdades dos alunos e a seguranca em si mesma. E a seguranca que se expressa na firmeza com que atua com que decide com que respeita as liberdades, com que discute suas proprias posicoes, com que aceita rever-se. Segura de si, a autoridade nao necessita de, a cada instante, fazer um discurso sobre sua existencia, sobre si mesmo. Segura de si, ela e porque tem autoridade, porque a exerce com indiscutivel sabedoria. Todo professor deve sempre levar a serio sua formacao, sempre estar atualizado, se esforcando para tarefa de lecionar. Deve tratar todos os alunos com carinho, respeito, sem arrogância, sem ar de superioridade para que a construcao do conhecimento se de fato e entre ambos. Uma sala quieta nao significa aprendizado. Todo educador precisa ser seguro no andar, falar e principalmente ensinar pois querendo ou nao materia mas e poder satisfazer tambem a curiosidade de seus alunos sendo gentil e dizer “vou procurar e trago da proxima vez”. Com essas caracteristicas voce sera um bom educador.

PEDAGOGIA DA AUTONOMIA: Saberes Necessários à Prática Educativa

La toma de decisiones en la practica diaria del enfermero necesita ser basada en conocimiento cientifico. La practica basada en evidencias es una aproximacion que establece la utilizacion de resultados de investigaciones en la practica clinica, con la revision integradora como uno de sus recursos. La finalidad de esta revision integradora es buscar y evaluar las evidencias disponibles sobre las intervenciones eficaces de enfermeria para la prevencion de lesiones de piel en el paciente quirurgico, en el periodo transoperatorio, o como resultado del mismo. Utilizamos dos bases de datos, Cinahl y Medline, para la seleccion de los articulos, resultando en una muestra de 14 articulos. Tras el analisis de los articulos incluidos en la revision, los resultados de los estudios indicaron que los dispositivos considerados los mas eficaces en la prevencion de lesiones de piel fueron, sucesivamente, el sistema de colchon dinamico pulsante multi-celula, la almohada de polimero seco visco-elastico y almohadas con gel.

/pdf/prevencion-de-lesiones-de-piel-en-el-perioperatorio-revision-3i7si4l5sv.pdf

Prevención de lesiones de piel en el perioperatorio: revisión integradora de la literatura

RESUMO
Relato de experiencia com objetivo de descrever a utilizacao de jogos na monitoria da disciplina Educacao em Saude. Tiveram-se como jogos:
domino, passa ou repassa, bingo, jogo da velha, jogo de dardos e jogo da memoria, os quais foram adaptados aos conteudos ministrados na
disciplina. Todos foram desenvolvidos conforme os temas abordados em sala de aula, estabelecendo-se: domino – conceitos de promocao da saude,
prevencao de doencas e educacao em saude; passa ou repassa – antecedentes historicos da Educacao em Saude; bingo – cartas de promocao da
saude; jogo da memoria – caracteristicas do aprendiz; jogo da velha – tecnicas e estrategias de ensino e aprendizagem; jogo de dardos – abordagens
de Paulo Freire. Concluiu-se que os jogos podem ser utilizados nas atividades de monitoria, adaptando-os aos conteudos da disciplina.

/pdf/jogos-educativos-recursos-didaticos-utilizados-na-monitoria-2c3r7rrr0s.pdf

Jogos educativos: recursos didáticos utilizados na monitoria de educação em saúde

http://www.scielo.br/pdf/reben/v70n1/0034-7167-reben-70-01-0180.pdf

Letramento em saúde para pessoas com HIV/Aids: revisão integrativa

Cultural factors can render adolescents vulnerable to sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). This study aimed to identify the beliefs and values of male adolescents that influence their sexual behavior. It was a qualitative study of 15 male students, from 15 to 18 years old, at a public school in Fortaleza, Ceara State, conducted between November 2007 and January 2008. Six workshops were held using the culture circle technique and content analysis was applied. All ethical and legal requirements were met. The male cultural conception that the female partner is responsible for the couple's sexual health and that men have sexual instincts and consequently behave promiscuously is a reality. There is therefore a vulnerability to STDs and a need for educational measures appropriate to the adolescents' cultural context.

A influência das crenças e valores culturais no comportamento sexual dos adolescentes do sexo masculino

Este estudio tiene como objetivo presentar concepciones y percepciones de participacion de madres y profesionales en Programas de Desnutricion Infantil. En ese sentido, examinamos en particular la participacion materna, por entender ser esencial al proceso de concienciacion de la realidad individual y social que vuelva viable las decisiones. Este estudio analiza el proceso de participacion materna a traves del abordaje conceptual de Imogene King. El local de la recoleccion de datos ocurrio en la ciudad de Crato, Ceara-Brasil. Los sujetos fueron las madres y profesionales. Los procedimientos adoptados fueron entrevistas semi-estructuradas y para organizacion y analisis de los datos utilizamos el Analisis de Contenido de Bardin. No encontramos evidencias que indique la presencia de estrategias de movilizacion para participacion consciente entre los actores sociales del Programa de Desnutricion Infantil.

/pdf/participacao-na-perspectiva-de-maes-de-criancas-desnutridas-n079tx6bls.pdf

Participação na perspectiva de mães de crianças desnutridas

Objective: To evaluate the contribution of arts education to health promotion of adolescents in situations of urban social vulnerability. Method: Participatory evaluative research, with a qualitative approach, using as a reference the theoretical constructs of Paulo Freire's Conscientization and the Empowerment Evaluation as a method of collecting with adolescents and teachers of an arts education program in the field of the Family Health Strategy. Results: Participants constructed a collective mission that represented the concept of adolescent health promotion. Arts education activities were prioritized and ranked with a mission focus, and over a three-month period, the program implemented health goals through art. In the reevaluation, the group presented a broad look at the implementation of activities and self-determination for change. Final considerations: Arts education is a potential space for nurses to act in the conscientization and empowerment of adolescent health in Primary Health Care.

/pdf/adolescent-health-promotion-based-on-community-centered-arts-2bwzmredpz.pdf

Neiva Francenely Cunha Vieira

Papers

Jogos educativos: recursos didáticos utilizados na monitoria de educação em saúde

Letramento em saúde para pessoas com HIV/Aids: revisão integrativa

A influência das crenças e valores culturais no comportamento sexual dos adolescentes do sexo masculino

Participação na perspectiva de mães de crianças desnutridas

Adolescent health promotion based on community-centered arts education.