Showing papers by "Nestor L. Müller published in 2014"
TL;DR: Biomass smoke exposure is associated with less emphysema but more air trapping than tobacco smoke exposure, suggesting an airway-predominant COPD phenotype, and female never-smokers with COPD and biomass exposure and female ex-cigarette smokers without biomass exposure complete computed tomography at inspiration and expiration.
Abstract: We hypothesised that biomass smoke exposure is associated with an airway-predominant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) phenotype, while tobacco-related COPD is associated with an emphysema-predominant phenotype. In this cross-sectional study, female never-smokers with COPD and biomass exposure (n=21) and female ex-cigarette smokers with COPD without biomass exposure (n=22) completed computed tomography (CT) at inspiration and expiration, pulmonary function, blood gas, exercise tolerance, and quality of life measures. Two radiologists scored the extent of emphysema and air trapping on CT. Quantitative emphysema severity and distribution and airway wall thickness were calculated using specialised software. Women in the tobacco group had significantly more emphysema than the biomass group (radiologist score 2.3 versus 0.7, p=0.001; emphysema on CT 27% versus 19%, p=0.046; and a larger size of emphysematous spaces, p=0.006). Women in the biomass group had significantly more air trapping than the tobacco group (radiologist score 2.6 and 1.5, respectively; p=0.02) and also scored lower on the symptom, activities and confidence domains of the quality of life assessment and had lower oxygen saturation at rest and during exercise (p<0.05). Biomass smoke exposure is associated with less emphysema but more air trapping than tobacco smoke exposure, suggesting an airway-predominant phenotype.
155 citations
TL;DR: The high-resolution CT manifestations of chronic pulmonary microaspiration consist mainly of centrilobular nodules and ground-glass opacities that tend to involve predominately the dependent regions.
Abstract: Purpose:The aim of the study was to describe the high-resolution computed tomography (CT) manifestations of chronic pulmonary microaspiration, a condition characterized by recurrent subclinical aspiration of small droplets of gastric contents or foreign particles into the lungs.Materials and Methods
10 citations
TL;DR: Findings suggest that cigarette smoking increases expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 in alveolar macrophages as well as inAlveolar and small airway epithelial cells in smokers who develop emphysema.
Abstract: Background
An imbalance between proteolytic enzymes and their inhibitors is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Matrix metalloproteinase-1, also known as interstitial collagenase, has been implicated as a potentially important proteinase in the genesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and, more specifically, emphysema.
6 citations