자연주의적 탐구조사(Naturalistic Inquiry)

Crystalline metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are formed by reticular synthesis, which creates strong bonds between inorganic and organic units. Careful selection of MOF constituents can yield crystals of ultrahigh porosity and high thermal and chemical stability. These characteristics allow the interior of MOFs to be chemically altered for use in gas separation, gas storage, and catalysis, among other applications. The precision commonly exercised in their chemical modification and the ability to expand their metrics without changing the underlying topology have not been achieved with other solids. MOFs whose chemical composition and shape of building units can be multiply varied within a particular structure already exist and may lead to materials that offer a synergistic combination of properties.

The Chemistry and Applications of Metal-Organic Frameworks

New materials hold the key to fundamental advances in energy conversion and storage, both of which are vital in order to meet the challenge of global warming and the finite nature of fossil fuels. Nanomaterials in particular offer unique properties or combinations of properties as electrodes and electrolytes in a range of energy devices. This review describes some recent developments in the discovery of nanoelectrolytes and nanoelectrodes for lithium batteries, fuel cells and supercapacitors. The advantages and disadvantages of the nanoscale in materials design for such devices are highlighted.

https://img62.chem17.com/1/20140715/635410323829886334962.pdf

Nanostructured materials for advanced energy conversion and storage devices

Li-ion batteries have transformed portable electronics and will play a key role in the electrification of transport. However, the highest energy storage possible for Li-ion batteries is insufficient for the long-term needs of society, for example, extended-range electric vehicles. To go beyond the horizon of Li-ion batteries is a formidable challenge; there are few options. Here we consider two: Li-air (O(2)) and Li-S. The energy that can be stored in Li-air (based on aqueous or non-aqueous electrolytes) and Li-S cells is compared with Li-ion; the operation of the cells is discussed, as are the significant hurdles that will have to be overcome if such batteries are to succeed. Fundamental scientific advances in understanding the reactions occurring in the cells as well as new materials are key to overcoming these obstacles. The potential benefits of Li-air and Li-S justify the continued research effort that will be needed.

Li-O2 and Li-S batteries with high energy storage.

Fuel cells convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy with high efficiency and low emission of pollutants. However, before fuel-cell technology can gain a significant share of the electrical power market, important issues have to be addressed. These issues include optimal choice of fuel, and the development of alternative materials in the fuel-cell stack. Present fuel-cell prototypes often use materials selected more than 25 years ago. Commercialization aspects, including cost and durability, have revealed inadequacies in some of these materials. Here we summarize recent progress in the search and development of innovative alternative materials.

Materials for fuel-cell technologies

Verfahren
zum elektrochemischen Phosphatieren von Metalloberflachen mit
hoherer
Korrosionsbestandigkeit,
insbesondere von rostfreiem Stahl, bei der Kaltformung von Werkstucken aus
Metall, wobei die Phosphatschicht zur Kaltformung geeignet ist und
das Werkstuck
nach dem Phosphatieren mit einem Schmiermittel versehen und eine
elektrochemische Phosphatierung durch einen kathodischen Prozess
unter Verwendung einer wassrigen
Phosphatierungslosung
bewirkt wird, die aufweist: zwischen 5 und 100 g PO 4 3– /l, zwischen 8,5
und 100 g Ca 2+ /l, zwischen 0,5 und
100 g Zn 2+ /l, 0 bis 100 g NO 3 – /l, 0 bis 100 g
ClO 3 – /l und 0 bis 50
g F – /l
oder Cl – /l, wobei
die Temperatur der Losung
zwischen 0 und 95°C, der
pH-Wert der Losung
zwischen 0,5 und 5 und die Stromdichte zwischen 0,1 und 250 mA/cm 2 liegt.

Verfahren zum elektrochemischen Phosphatieren von Metalloberflächen, insbesondere von rostfreiem Stahl

Stabilites et chaleurs de formation des complexes d'Ag(I) avec PPh 3 , AsPh 3 et SbPh 3 , determinees dans la pyridine. Pas de formation de complexes avec triphenylamine ou triphenylbismuthine

/pdf/equilibrium-and-enthalpy-measurements-of-the-complex-30is23rkrt.pdf

Equilibrium and Enthalpy Measurements of the Complex Formation between Silver(I) and Ligands Coordinating via N, P, As, Sb or Bi in Pyridine Solution.

/pdf/studies-on-the-formation-of-benzanthrones-in-alkaline-597vsy5tp2.pdf

Studies on the formation of benzanthrones in alkaline anthraquinone pulping

Commercial TaC and Si3N4 powders were tested as possible electrocatalyst support materials for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) for PEM water electrolysers, operating at elevated temperatures. TaC and Si3N4 were characterised by thermogravimmetric and differential thermal analysis for their thermal stability. The Adams fusion method was implemented to deposit IrO2 on the support surfaces. A series of electrocatalysts was prepared with a composition of (IrO2)x(TaC/ Si3N4)1-x,where x represents the mass fraction of IrO2 and was equal to 0.1 (only for TaC), 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9 and 1. The thin-film method was used for electrochemical analysis of the prepared electrocatalysts. SEMEDX, BET and powder conductivity measurements were used as complementary techniques to complete characterisation of the electrocatalysts. Additionally, they were compared in their properties with previously reported data for a SiC-Si support. The stability of the electrocatalysts was assessed by estimation of reversibility of the anodic/cathodic processes.

/pdf/development-of-refractory-ceramics-for-the-oxygen-evolution-1a2u04fy49.pdf

Development of Refractory Ceramics for The Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) Electrocatalyst Support for Water Electrolysis at elevated temperatures

https://www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ange.201401098

Niels J. Bjerrum

Papers

Verfahren zum elektrochemischen Phosphatieren von Metalloberflächen, insbesondere von rostfreiem Stahl

Equilibrium and Enthalpy Measurements of the Complex Formation between Silver(I) and Ligands Coordinating via N, P, As, Sb or Bi in Pyridine Solution.

Studies on the formation of benzanthrones in alkaline anthraquinone pulping

Development of Refractory Ceramics for The Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) Electrocatalyst Support for Water Electrolysis at elevated temperatures

Innenrücktitelbild: Hollow Spheres of Iron Carbide Nanoparticles Encased in Graphitic Layers as Oxygen Reduction Catalysts (Angew. Chem. 14/2014)