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TL;DR: Current knowledge of KP alterations observed in the central nervous system as well as the periphery, its involvement in pathogenesis and disease progression, and emerging evidence of roles of microbiota in the gut-brain axis are discussed, searching for practical peripheral biomarkers which ensure personalized treatment plans for neurodegenerative diseases.

TL;DR: The results demonstrate an association between the FokI C allele and PD; the frequency of the C allele was significantly higher in PD patients than in controls, suggesting that this polymorphism may have a role in the development of PD in these patients.

TL;DR: Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is an endogenous antagonist of NMDA receptors which has been demonstrated under experimental conditions to be neuroprotective and may offer a novel therapeutic option for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease and pain syndromes.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss components of the pain pathway, the component-based mechanisms of pain, central and peripheral sensitization, roles of chronic inflammation, and the involvement of tryptophan-kynurenine pathway metabolites, exploring the participation of psychosocial and behavioral factors in central sensitization of diseases progressing into the development of chronic pain, and psychiatric disorders that manifest chronic pain without obvious actual or potential tissue damage.

TL;DR: In this paper, a narrative review article demonstrates the development of EPP, the therapeutic methodology, evidence-based accounts of its curative techniques, current understanding of mood and anxiety disorders in neurological sciences, and a possible converging path to translate and integrate meaning-centered psychotherapy and neuroscience, concluding that the EPP may potentially play a synergistic role with the currently prevailing medication-based approaches for the treatment of mood-and anxiety disorders.