Showing papers in "Neuroscience Letters in 2013"

TL;DR: The results demonstrate the feasibility of an fNIRS-based BCI and the enhanced performance of the classifier by removing the initial 2s span and/or the time span after the peak value.

TL;DR: Preliminary results indicate that in adults with MCI, MBSR may have a positive impact on the regions of the brain most related to MCI and AD.

TL;DR: The results showed that action observation is better than motor imagery as a strategy for learning a novel complex motor task, at least in the fast early phase of motor learning.

TL;DR: Neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging can depict signal alterations in the lateral part of the SNc and in the LC in patients with PD, even in its early stage, and can discriminate between these patients and healthy individuals with high sensitivities and specificities.

TL;DR: It is found that alpha-synuclein can induce an increase of exosomal secretion by microglia and cause increased apoptosis in PD, and exosomes secreted from activated microglias might be important mediator of alpha- synuclein-induced neurodegeneration in PD.

TL;DR: Total CSF α-synuclein is reduced early in the course of Parkinson's disease, as measured by two independent ELISA platforms at the time of enrolment, and this reduction appears independent from drug treatment.

TL;DR: The important role of computational models is shown in providing sufficient and causal explanations for the observed phenomena involving mirror systems and the learning processes which form them, and underlines the need for additional circuitry to lift up the monkey mirror neuron circuit to sustain the posited cognitive functions attributed to the human mirror neuron system.

TL;DR: One session of tDCS acutely enhanced WM in depressed subjects, suggesting that tDCS can improve "cold" (non affective-loaded) working memory processes in MDD.

TL;DR: Animal models of cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP) have revealed that the neurochemistry of cancer has features distinctive from other chronic pain states, which will lead to the development of novel and superior therapeutics for CIBP.

TL;DR: Repeated exposure to propofol induced exposure-time dependent neuroapoptosis and long-term neurocognitive deficits in neonatal rats, which may be attributed to neuronal loss and a reduction of excitatory neurotransmitter release in the cortex and hippocampus.

TL;DR: The results suggest that mdivi-1 exerts neuroprotective effects against nerve injury after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, and the underlying mechanism may be through the prevention of Cytochrome C release and suppression of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.

TL;DR: Examination of TNF-α expression in the basolateral amygdala of mice following injection of complete Freund's adjuvant into the hind paw of mice provides strong evidence that T NF-α contributes to the development of anxiety in mice with persistent inflammatory pain.

TL;DR: Honokiol has a potent anti-inflammatory effect in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion mice and this effect might be attributed to its inhibition ability on the NF-κB activation, consequently blocking the production of inflammatory factors including: NO, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and RANTES/CCL5 in glial cells.

TL;DR: The main result is that suicide attempters had increased ALFF in the right superior temporal gyrus (r-STG) relative to both non-suicidal patients (NSU) and NC.

TL;DR: The results do not support the view that peripheral BDNF levels are associated with schizophrenia, and suggest that MMP-9 may play a role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and serve as a biomarker for schizophrenia.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors found that depressed smokers exhibited significantly higher levels of NOx, fibrinogen, hs-CRP, AOPP, ESR and lower levels of TRAP compared to non-depressed never smokers.

TL;DR: Using diffusion tensor imaging and multi-methods of image analysis, brain white matter and deep gray matter areas with microstructural deficits in Parkinson's disease patients are successfully characterized and visualized.

TL;DR: Analysis of ABCA7 expression in a set of human brain samples as a function of AD-associated SNPs and AD status reports that the rs3764650T allele that decreases AD risk is associated with increased ABCA6 expression, however, ABCA 7 expression is increased in AD individuals.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the magnitudes of spontaneous brain activity of male US veterans with or without PTSD, with the two groups matched on age, gender, and ethnicity Amplitudes of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF), a data driven analysis method, was calculated on each voxel of the resting state fMRI data.

TL;DR: It is found that both small-worldness and modularity were negatively correlated with increasing age but that this decline was relatively slow.

TL;DR: The data indicates that oxysterol levels in CSF may be of value to follow disease progression, and the CSF level of 27-OH was found to be above the cut-off level in 10% of the patients, indicating a defect blood-brain barrier function.

TL;DR: It was found that women had a significant thicker cortex than men (p<0.01), and higher education, higher diastolic blood pressure and larger intra-cranial volume were related to a larger cortical thickness, whilst diabetes mellitus and higher HDL cholesterol levels wererelated to a thinner cortex.

TL;DR: The results demonstrate that, under the 0.75-1.5% isoflurane maintenance doses, the CBF auto-regulation is well preserved in the cerebral cortical regions and caudate, but impaired in thalamus and cerebellum, indicating disturbed CBF-metabolism coupling and functional response in specific subcortical regions of anesthetized macaque monkeys.

TL;DR: Upregulation of SIRT1 provides a promising research field for therapeutic intervention in neuroinflammation diseases and inhibits LPS-mediated proinflammatory cytokines release in microglia, and circumvents dopaminergic neurons injury induced by activated microglial-derived factors via p53-caspase-3-dependent mechanism of apoptosis.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that histological outcomes in a long-term in vivo experiment are comparable with that of autologous nerve grafting.

TL;DR: Results suggest that dual tDCS over the bilateral PPC is an effective method for the treatment of USN in stroke patients, and shows a significant interaction between time and tDCS mode.

TL;DR: The results provide initial evidence for interactions between arousal and valence during processing of positive words and highlight the importance of both variables in studies of emotional stimulus processing.

TL;DR: An upregulation of the diazepam-binding inhibitor (DBI) gene in AD is identified, as the result of a splicing switch toward shorter, intron-retaining isoforms driven by alternative promoters and was coupled with a simultaneous decrease in the abundance of protein-coding transcripts.

TL;DR: It is suggested that CA/CAPE may provide a promising approach for the treatment of acrolein-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD.

TL;DR: What is known about MNs from the work using single-cell recordings in the adult monkey, the evidence for the putative MN system in humans, and the extent to which research using electroencephalography methods has contributed to understanding of the development of these motor systems and their role in the social behaviors postulated by the MN hypothesis are discussed.