{This review paper is taken from the references mentioned below, this is just as assignment to learn how reports are converted into IEEE format and submitted to publications}.
Abstract – Implanted medical devices are very important electronic devices because of their usefulness in monitoring and diagnosis, safety and comfort for patients. Since 1950s, remarkable efforts have been undertaken for the development of bio-medical implanted and wireless telemetry bio-devices. Issues such as design of suitable modulation methods, use of power and monitoring devices, transfer energy from external to internal parts with high efficiency and high data rates and low power consumption all play an important role in the development of implantable devices. This paper provides a comprehensive survey on various modulation and demodulation techniques such as amplitude shift keying (ASK), frequency shift keying (FSK) and phase shift keying (PSK) of the existing wireless implanted devices. The details of specifications, including carrier frequency, CMOS size, data rate, power consumption and supply, chip area and application of the various modulation schemes of the implanted devices are investigated and summarized in the tables along with the corresponding key references. Current challenges and problems of the typical modulation applications of these technologies are illustrated with a brief suggestions and discussion for the progress of implanted device research in the future. It is observed that the prime requisites for the good quality of the implanted devices and their reliability are the energy transformation, data rate, CMOS size, and power consumption and operation frequency. This review will hopefully lead to increasing efforts towards the development of low powered, high efficient, high data rate and reliable implanted devices.

Modulation Techniques for Biomedical Implanted Devices and Their Challenges

CRC Look-up Table Optimization for Single-Bit Error Correction

https://research.aalto.fi/files/38536488/ELEC_Kempi_Resilient_flow_control_MaM.pdf

Resilient flow control for wireless data streaming in inductively coupled medical implants

A new wake-up receiver is proposed to reduce energy consumption and latency through adoption of two different data rates for the transmission of wake-up packets. To reduce the energy consumption, the start frame bits (SFBs) of a wake-up packet are transmitted at a low data rate of 1 kbps, and a bit-level duty cycle is employed for detection of SFBs. To reduce both energy consumption and latency, duty cycling is halted upon detection of the SFB sequence, and the rest of the wake-up packet is transmitted at a higher data rate of 200 kbps. The proposed wake-up receiver is designed and fabricated in a 0.18 μm CMOS technology with a core size of 1850×1560 μm for the target frequency range of 902-928 MHz. The measured results show that the proposed design achieves a sensitivity of -73 dBm, while dissipating an average power of 8.5 μW from a 1.8 V supply.

A new approach to low-power and low-latency wake-up receiver system for wireless sensor nodes = 무선 센서 노드를 위한 저전력 낮은 네트워크 지연을 갖는 웨이크업 수신기 시스템의 새로운 접근 방법

Efficiency of corporate debt financing based on machine learning and convolutional neural network

In this article, we present a four-element Vivaldi antenna array and beamsteering receiver IC for the fifth-generation mobile network (5G) new radio (NR). The implemented receiver utilizes a delay-based local-oscillator phase shift technique for accurate beamsteering, and it exhibits 1° to 2.4° phase tuning capability for 2-5 GHz bandwidth accordingly. On-chip delay measurement is performed with pilot signal generation and delay estimation capable of 2-ps accuracy. The IC is fabricated on 28-nm CMOS technology, it occupies an area of 1.4 × 1.4 mm
 2
, including bonding pads, and consumes 22.8 mW at 2 GHz for single-receiver path operation. The receiver demonstrates wideband over-the-air reception with the prototype antennas.

/pdf/a-2-5-5-ghz-beamsteering-receiver-ic-with-4-element-vivaldi-2fvbsw9hii.pdf

A 2–5.5 GHz Beamsteering Receiver IC With 4-Element Vivaldi Antenna Array

This paper describes the hardware implementation of a custom communication protocol tailored for low-power telemetry data streaming over an inductive link. The application-specific features of typical RFID implementations such as random number generation and variable data rate support are omitted from the proposed implementation, focusing only on the continuous data transfer. The post-synthesis results of proposed communication scheme implemented on 28nm CMOS FDSOI process show power consumption of $3.11 \mu W$ while running from a 845.7 kHz clock and occupying 0.0048 mm2 of die area. The current implementation provides an uplink rate of 8 kbit/s, sufficient for streaming of 1-channel 1 kHz 12-bit sample recording.

/pdf/a-low-power-hardware-stack-for-continuous-data-streaming-1faii5540o.pdf

A Low-Power Hardware Stack for Continuous Data Streaming from Telemetry Implants

This paper describes a digital-friendly passives-less time delay cell that generates programmable phase-shifts for down converting front-end in LO-based beamsteering receiver. Cell design supports 1.5–6.5GHz broadband receiver operation and cell layout occupies an area of only 15×16.5μm2 including power supply rails and control logic. Simulated in 28nm CMOS technology, delay cell exhibits 6 distinct delay values {3, 3.5, 17, 19, 24, 43}ps consuming at most 220μW@IV.

/pdf/a-3-43ps-time-delay-cell-for-lo-phase-shifting-in-1-5-6-5ghz-365yja74ni.pdf

Nouman Ahmed

Papers

Resilient flow control for wireless data streaming in inductively coupled medical implants

A 2–5.5 GHz Beamsteering Receiver IC With 4-Element Vivaldi Antenna Array

A Low-Power Hardware Stack for Continuous Data Streaming from Telemetry Implants

A 3-43ps time-delay cell for LO phase-shifting in 1.5-6.5GHz beamsteering receiver