Wind power is the most reliable and developed renewable energy source over past decades. With the rapid penetration of the wind generators in the power system grid, it is very essential to utilize the maximum available power from the wind and to operate the wind turbine (WT) at its maximal energy conversion output. For this, the wind energy conversion system (WECS) has to track or operate at the maximum power point (MPP). A decent variety of publication report on various maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms for a WECS. However, making a choice on an exact MPPT algorithm for a particular case require sufficient proficiency because each algorithm has its own merits and demerits. For this reason, an appropriate review of those algorithms is essential. However, only a few attempts have been made in this concern. In this paper, different available MPPT algorithms are described for extracting maximum power which are classified according to the power measurement i.e. direct or indirect power controller. Merits, demerits and comprehensive comparison of the different MPPT algorithms also highlighted in the terms of complexity, wind speed requirement, prior training, speed responses, etc. and also the ability to acquire the maximal energy output. This paper serves as a proper reference for future MPPT users in selecting appropriate MPPT algorithm for their requirement.

A review of conventional and advanced MPPT algorithms for wind energy systems

Modeling of solar energy systems using artificial neural network: A comprehensive review

A detailed review of the current state-of-art for wind turbine blade design is presented, including theoretical maximum efficiency, propulsion, practical efficiency, HAWT blade design, and blade loads. The review provides a complete picture of wind turbine blade design and shows the dominance of modern turbines almost exclusive use of horizontal axis rotors. The aerodynamic design principles for a modern wind turbine blade are detailed, including blade plan shape/quantity, aerofoil selection and optimal attack angles. A detailed review of design loads on wind turbine blades is offered, describing aerodynamic, gravitational, centrifugal, gyroscopic and operational conditions.

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Wind turbine blade design

A Survey of Artificial Neural Network in Wind Energy Systems

Novel bio-inspired memetic salp swarm algorithm and application to MPPT for PV systems considering partial shading condition

The power generated by photovoltaic (PV) system depends on environment irradiance and temperature parameters. Hence, PV panels have nonlinear characteristics. In uniform condition, there is only one maxima point called maximum power point (MPP) where the PV system operates in maximum efficiency. However, in non-uniform condition such as partial shading effects, the PV system presents multiple maxima points on the correspondence P-V curve due to bypass diodes which makes more difficult to estimate global MPP. That is why it makes maximum power point tracking (MPPT) more important for PV systems to operate in maximum efficiency. In the literature, various types of MPPT technique and alternative solutions are used to detect true global MPP point among the other local MPPs. In addition, different PV array topologies, architectures and configurations are proposed to remove local maxima on the P-V curve. In this paper, most popular and used MPPT techniques, PV array configurations, system architectures and circuit topologies are discussed. In this context, this paper provides an overview of the operating principles discusses advantages and disadvantages and makes a general comparison between different solutions of each method.

A comprehensive overview of maximum power extraction methods for PV systems

Renewable energy systems such as photovoltaic (PV) and wind energy systems are widely designed grid connected or autonomous. This is a problem especially in small powerful system due to the restriction on the inverter markets. Inverters which are utilised in these kinds of energy systems operate on grid or off grid. In this study, a novel power management strategy has been developed by designing a wind-PV hybrid system to operate both as an autonomous system and as a grid-connected system. The inverter used in this study has been designed to operate both on-grid and off-grid. Due to the continuous demand for energy, gel batteries are used in the hybrid system. The designed Power Management Unit performs measurement from various points in the system and in accordance with this measurement; it provides an effective energy transfer to batteries, loads and grid. The designed control unit provided the opportunity to work more efficiently up to 10% rate.

https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/iet-rpg.2016.0545

Energy management for on-grid and off-grid wind/PV and battery hybrid systems

Assessment of optimum tip speed ratio in wind turbines using artificial neural networks

Nowadays, renewable energy systems are taking place than the conventional energy systems. Especially, PV systems and wind energy conversion systems (WECS) are taking a big role in supplying world's energy necessity. Efficiency of such types of renewable energy systems is being tried to be improved by using different methods. Besides conventional methods, intelligent system designs are seem to be more useful to improve efficiency of renewable energy systems. However, artificial neural networks (ANN) have many usage areas in modeling, simulation and control of renewable energy systems. ANNs are easy to use and to implement renewable energy system designs. In this paper, artificial neural network applications of PV, WECS and hybrid renewable energy systems which consist of PV and WECS are presented. Usage of neural network structures in such types of systems have been motivated.

Artificial neural networks for controlling wind–PV power systems: A review

The first thing to do in wind turbine blade design is to select tip speed ratio. Generally speaking, the speed ratio depends on the profile type used and the number of blades. Various speed ratios could be chosen for different types of profiles with different number of blades. Therefore, an optimization procedure should be applied to find the best ratio since this directly affects the energy generated from the turbine and in turn the investment made. This study presents a procedure to assess the optimum speed ratios for various profile types used in practice with various numbers of blades. Keywords: Wind turbine, design tip speed ratio, turbine blade, power factor.

https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8747/10/1/147/pdf

Numan Sabit Cetin

Papers

A comprehensive overview of maximum power extraction methods for PV systems

Energy management for on-grid and off-grid wind/PV and battery hybrid systems

Assessment of optimum tip speed ratio in wind turbines using artificial neural networks

Artificial neural networks for controlling wind–PV power systems: A review

Assessment of optimum tip speed ratio of wind turbines