There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

Molecular self-assembly is the spontaneous association of molecules under equilibrium conditions into stable, structurally well-defined aggregates joined by noncovalent bonds. Molecular self-assembly is ubiquitous in biological systems and underlies the formation of a wide variety of complex biological structures. Understanding self-assembly and the associated noncovalent interactions that connect complementary interacting molecular surfaces in biological aggregates is a central concern in structural biochemistry. Self-assembly is also emerging as a new strategy in chemical synthesis, with the potential of generating nonbiological structures with dimensions of 1 to 10(2) nanometers (with molecular weights of 10(4) to 10(10) daltons). Structures in the upper part of this range of sizes are presently inaccessible through chemical synthesis, and the ability to prepare them would open a route to structures comparable in size (and perhaps complementary in function) to those that can be prepared by microlithography and other techniques of microfabrication.

Molecular self-assembly and nanochemistry: A chemical strategy for the synthesis of nanostructures

Zinc oxide can be called a multifunctional material thanks to its unique physical and chemical properties. The first part of this paper presents the most important methods of preparation of ZnO divided into metallurgical and chemical methods. The mechanochemical process, controlled precipitation, sol-gel method, solvothermal and hydrothermal method, method using emulsion and microemulsion enviroment and other methods of obtaining zinc oxide were classified as chemical methods. In the next part of this review, the modification methods of ZnO were characterized. The modification with organic (carboxylic acid, silanes) and inroganic (metal oxides) compounds, and polymer matrices were mainly described. Finally, we present possible applications in various branches of industry: rubber, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, textile, electronic and electrotechnology, photocatalysis were introduced. This review provides useful information for specialist dealings with zinc oxide.

Zinc Oxide-From Synthesis to Application: A Review.

Fiber-based structures are highly desirable for wearable electronics that are expected to be light-weight, long-lasting, flexible, and conformable Many fibrous structures have been manufactured by well-established lost-effective textile processing technologies, normally at ambient conditions The advancement of nanotechnology has made it feasible to build electronic devices directly on the surface or inside of single fibers, which have typical thickness of several to tens microns However, imparting electronic functions to porous, highly deformable and three-dimensional fiber assemblies and maintaining them during wear represent great challenges from both views of fundamental understanding and practical implementation This article attempts to critically review the current state-of-arts with respect to materials, fabrication techniques, and structural design of devices as well as applications of the fiber-based wearable electronic products In addition, this review elaborates the performance requirements of the fiber-based wearable electronic products, especially regarding the correlation among materials, fiber/textile structures and electronic as well as mechanical functionalities of fiber-based electronic devices Finally, discussions will be presented regarding to limitations of current materials, fabrication techniques, devices concerning manufacturability and performance as well as scientific understanding that must be improved prior to their wide adoption

Fiber‐Based Wearable Electronics: A Review of Materials, Fabrication, Devices, and Applications

We report on the structural characterization of CoSi2/n‐Si0.9Ge0.1/p‐Si heterostructures. Silicon molecular beam epitaxy is combined with Co sputtering to obtain these structures. The strain in the Si1−xGex is investigated after the formation of the CoSi2 by using high‐resolution x‐ray diffraction mapping in reciprocal space and cross‐sectional transmission electron microscopy. The results show that in order to keep the strain in Si1−xGex unaffected, a sacrificial Si layer is needed. It was possible to obtain transistor action, but with low‐current gain (β).

Strain characterization of CoSi2/n‐Si0.9Ge0.1/p‐Si heterostructures

We demonstrate intrinsic white light emission from hybrid light emitting diodes fabricated using an inorganic-organic hybrid junction grown at 50 C on a paper substrate. Cyclotene was first spin co ...

ZnO nanorods-polymer hybrid white light emitting diode grown on a disposable paper substrate

Large enhancements in the electron mobility are reported for structures containing a pair of closely spaced Sb δ‐doped layers in Si. The room‐temperature mobility is enhanced by a factor of 2 compared to corresponding uniformly doped layers of singly δ‐doped structures. Even higher mobilities were obtained by using a Schottky gate on top and applying a voltage to adjust the potential well. With an effective gate voltage of ∼−0.3 V the mobility was 1200 cm2 V−1 s−1 at room temperature, which is an enhancement by a factor of 10 relative to the layer with equivalent bulk doping concentration. The high mobility is attributed to wave functions with nodes at the δ‐doped layers.

Electron mobility enhancement in Si using doubly δ‐doped layers

Hybrid light emitting diodes (LEDs) based on zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods and polymers (single and blended) were fabricated and characterized. The ZnO nanorods were grown by the chemical bath deposition method at 50°C. Three different LEDs, with blue emitting, orange-red emitting or their blended polymer together with ZnO nanorods, were fabricated and studied. The current–voltage characteristics show good diode behavior with an ideality factor in the range of 2.1 to 2.27 for all three devices. The electroluminescence spectrum (EL) of the blended device has an emission range from 450 nm to 750 nm, due to the intermixing of the blue emission generated by poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) denoted as PFO with orange-red emission produced by poly(2-methoxy-5(20-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene) 1,4-phenylenevinylene) symbolized as MEH PPV combined with the deep-band emission (DBE) of the ZnO nanorods, i.e. it covers the whole visible region and is manifested as white light. The CIE color coordinates showed bluish, orange-red and white emission from the PFO, MEH PPV and blended LEDs with ZnO nanorods, respectively. These results indicate that the choice of the polymer with proper concentration is critical to the emitted color in ZnO nanorods/p-organic polymer LEDs and careful design should be considered to obtain intrinsic white light sources.

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Effect of the polymer emission on the electroluminescence characteristics of n-ZnO nanorods/p-polymer hybrid light emitting diode

The step towards the fabrication of nanodevices with improved performance is of high demand; therefore, in this study, oxygen plasma treated ZnO nanorods based piezoelectric nanogenerator is develo ...

/pdf/the-improved-piezoelectric-properties-of-zno-nanorods-with-3lr8arc7vw.pdf

Omer Nur

Papers

Strain characterization of CoSi2/n‐Si0.9Ge0.1/p‐Si heterostructures

ZnO nanorods-polymer hybrid white light emitting diode grown on a disposable paper substrate

Electron mobility enhancement in Si using doubly δ‐doped layers

Effect of the polymer emission on the electroluminescence characteristics of n-ZnO nanorods/p-polymer hybrid light emitting diode

The improved piezoelectric properties of ZnO nanorods with oxygen plasma treatment on the single layer graphene coated polymer substrate