There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

Molecular self-assembly is the spontaneous association of molecules under equilibrium conditions into stable, structurally well-defined aggregates joined by noncovalent bonds. Molecular self-assembly is ubiquitous in biological systems and underlies the formation of a wide variety of complex biological structures. Understanding self-assembly and the associated noncovalent interactions that connect complementary interacting molecular surfaces in biological aggregates is a central concern in structural biochemistry. Self-assembly is also emerging as a new strategy in chemical synthesis, with the potential of generating nonbiological structures with dimensions of 1 to 10(2) nanometers (with molecular weights of 10(4) to 10(10) daltons). Structures in the upper part of this range of sizes are presently inaccessible through chemical synthesis, and the ability to prepare them would open a route to structures comparable in size (and perhaps complementary in function) to those that can be prepared by microlithography and other techniques of microfabrication.

Molecular self-assembly and nanochemistry: A chemical strategy for the synthesis of nanostructures

Zinc oxide can be called a multifunctional material thanks to its unique physical and chemical properties. The first part of this paper presents the most important methods of preparation of ZnO divided into metallurgical and chemical methods. The mechanochemical process, controlled precipitation, sol-gel method, solvothermal and hydrothermal method, method using emulsion and microemulsion enviroment and other methods of obtaining zinc oxide were classified as chemical methods. In the next part of this review, the modification methods of ZnO were characterized. The modification with organic (carboxylic acid, silanes) and inroganic (metal oxides) compounds, and polymer matrices were mainly described. Finally, we present possible applications in various branches of industry: rubber, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, textile, electronic and electrotechnology, photocatalysis were introduced. This review provides useful information for specialist dealings with zinc oxide.

Zinc Oxide-From Synthesis to Application: A Review.

Fiber-based structures are highly desirable for wearable electronics that are expected to be light-weight, long-lasting, flexible, and conformable Many fibrous structures have been manufactured by well-established lost-effective textile processing technologies, normally at ambient conditions The advancement of nanotechnology has made it feasible to build electronic devices directly on the surface or inside of single fibers, which have typical thickness of several to tens microns However, imparting electronic functions to porous, highly deformable and three-dimensional fiber assemblies and maintaining them during wear represent great challenges from both views of fundamental understanding and practical implementation This article attempts to critically review the current state-of-arts with respect to materials, fabrication techniques, and structural design of devices as well as applications of the fiber-based wearable electronic products In addition, this review elaborates the performance requirements of the fiber-based wearable electronic products, especially regarding the correlation among materials, fiber/textile structures and electronic as well as mechanical functionalities of fiber-based electronic devices Finally, discussions will be presented regarding to limitations of current materials, fabrication techniques, devices concerning manufacturability and performance as well as scientific understanding that must be improved prior to their wide adoption

Fiber‐Based Wearable Electronics: A Review of Materials, Fabrication, Devices, and Applications

The present study investigates the possibility of introducing zinc oxide nanoparticles into the cement raw mix so as to reduce the energy consumption and CO2 emissions during processing. Zi...

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Reduction of Energy Consumption in Cement Industry Using Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles

The Schottky barrier height on n-type Si1−xGex films has been studied as a function of the composition and strain relaxation. We have used electrical I–V measurements complemented by high-resolution x-ray measurements for assessment of the relaxation in the epilayers. In addition, Schottky barrier height on n-Si1−xGex films has also been investigated as a function of the metal work function. Our results shows that the barrier height on n-type Si1−xGex does not depend on either the Ge content or strain relaxation, but is sensitive to the metal work function. The experimental results indicate that the Fermi level is pinned to the conduction band and provide also the evidence that the pinning position of the Fermi level is metal work function dependent. This pinning behavior in metal Si1−xGex is opposed to that observed in metal/Si contacts, were the Fermi level is pinned either to the valence or conduction band depending on the metal work function. These findings regarding the relaxation independent barrier...

Fermi-level pinning and Schottky barrier heights on epitaxially grown fully strained and partially relaxed n-type Si1−xGex layers

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Erratum: “Buckling of ZnO nanowires under uniaxial compression” [Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 103118 (2008)]

Using zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures, nanorods (NRs) and nanoparticles (NPs) grown on different substrates (sub-micrometer glass pipettes, thin silver wire and on plastic substrate) different bio-sensors were demonstrated. The demonstrated sensors are based on potentiometric approach and are sensitive to the ionic metals and biological analyte in question. For each case a selective membrane or enzyme was used. The measurements were performed for intracellular environment as well as in some cases (cholesterol and uric acid). The selectivity in each case is tuned according to the element to be sensed. Moreover we also developed photodynamic therapy approach based on the use of ZnO NRs and NPs. Necrosis/apoptosis was possible to achieve for different types of cancerous cell. The results indicate that the ZnO with its UV and white band emissions is beneficial to photodynamic therapy technology.

Applications of zinc oxide nanowires for bio-photonics and bio-electronics

ZnO nanorods were grown hydrothermally on bare and NiO-coated p-GaAs substrate to fabricate p-n heterojunctions. The NiO intermediate layer was deposited using thermal evaporation technique. The X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that ZnO nanorods grown on the bare p-GaAs do not have any preferential orientation along the c-axis, but those on the NiO-coated p-GaAs have preferential orientation along the c-axis, i.e. along the (002) direction. The scanning electron microscope images show that the NiO intermediate layer improved the uniformity and the alignment of the ZnO nanorods. Photoluminescence spectra demonstrated that increasing the thickness of NiO intermediate layer leads to improve the optical quality of the ZnO nanorods. Current–voltage characteristics showed that the presence of the NiO intermediate layer leads to increase the threshold voltage and decrease the leakage current of the n-ZnO nanorods/p-GaAs heterojunction. The energy band diagram of heterojunctions drown using Anderson model revealed that the NiO intermediate layer acts as an electron-blocking layer in the ZnO side and at the same time increases the hole injection from the GaAs to the ZnO side. Therefore, most of electron–hole pair recombination could occur at the ZnO site.

Omer Nur

Papers

Reduction of Energy Consumption in Cement Industry Using Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles

Fermi-level pinning and Schottky barrier heights on epitaxially grown fully strained and partially relaxed n-type Si1−xGex layers

Erratum: “Buckling of ZnO nanowires under uniaxial compression” [Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 103118 (2008)]

Applications of zinc oxide nanowires for bio-photonics and bio-electronics

Effect of NiO intermediate layer on the optical and electrical properties of n-ZnO nanorods/p-GaAs heterojunction