https://www.cellmechanics.org/downloads/Paszek_cancercell_2005.pdf

Tensional homeostasis and the malignant phenotype.

http://basicmed.med.ncku.edu.tw/admin/up_img/990319-2.pdf

Matrix Crosslinking Forces Tumor Progression by Enhancing Integrin Signaling

Analysis of the cup-cone fracture in a round tensile bar

Recognizing the critical need for standardization in strain imaging, in 2010, the European Association of Echocardiography (now the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging, EACVI) and the American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) invited technical representatives from all interested vendors to participate in a concerted effort to reduce intervendor variability of strain measurement. As an initial product of the work of the EACVI/ASE/Industry initiative to standardize deformation imaging, we prepared this technical document which is intended to provide definitions, names, abbreviations, formulas, and procedures for calculation of physical quantities derived from speckle tracking echocardiography and thus create a common standard.

Definitions for a common standard for 2D speckle tracking echocardiography: consensus document of the EACVI/ASE/Industry Task Force to standardize deformation imaging

This review comprises a detailed survey of ongoing methodologies for soft actuators, highlighting approaches suitable for nanometer- to centimeter-scale robotic applications. Soft robots present a special design challenge in that their actuation and sensing mechanisms are often highly integrated with the robot body and overall functionality. When less than a centimeter, they belong to an even more special subcategory of robots or devices, in that they often lack on-board power, sensing, computation, and control. Soft, active materials are particularly well suited for this task, with a wide range of stimulants and a number of impressive examples, demonstrating large deformations, high motion complexities, and varied multifunctionality. Recent research includes both the development of new materials and composites, as well as novel implementations leveraging the unique properties of soft materials.

Soft Actuators for Small-Scale Robotics.

Electrorheological tactel elements

According to the classical hypoelasticity theory, the hypoelasticity tensor, ie the fourth order Eulerian constitutive tensor, characterizing the linear relationship between the stretching and an objective stress rate, is dependent on the current stress and must be isotropic Although the classical hypoelasticity in this sense includes as a particular case the isotropic elasticity, it fails to incorporate any given type of anisotropic elasticity This implies that one can formulate the isotropic elasticity as an integrable-exactly classical hypoelastic relation, whereas one can in no way do the same for any given type of anisotropic elasticity A generalization of classical theory is available, which assumes that the material time derivative of the rotated stress is dependent on the rotated Cauchy stress, the rotated stretching and a Lagrangean spin, linear and of the first degree in the latter two As compared with the original idea of classical hypoelasticity, perhaps the just-mentioned generalization might be somewhat drastic In this article, we show that, merely replacing the isotropy property of the aforementioned stress-dependent hypoelasticity tensor with the invariance property of the latter under an R-rotating material symmetry group R⋆
 G
 0, one may establish a natural generalization of classical theory, which includes all of elasticity Here R is the rotation tensor in the polar decomposition of the deformation gradient and G
 0 any given initial material symmetry group In particular, the classical case is recovered whenever the material symmetry is assumed to be isotropic With the new generalization it is demonstrated that any two non-integrable hypoelastic relations based on any two objective stress rates predict quite different path-dependent responses in nature and hence can in no sense be equivalent Thus, the non-integrable hypoelastic relations based on any given objective stress rate constitute an independent constitutive class in its own right which is disjoint with and hence distinguishes itself from any class based on another objective stress rate Only for elasticity, equivalent hypoelastic formulations based on different stress rates may be established Moreover, universal integrability conditions are derived for all kinds of objective corotational stress rates and for all types of material symmetry Explicit, simple, integrable-exactly hypoelastic relations based on the newly discovered logarithmic stress rate are presented to characterize hyperelasticity with any given type of material symmetry It is shown that, to achieve the latter goal, the logarithmic stress rate is the only choice among all infinitely many objective corotational stress rates

A Natural Generalization of Hypoelasticity and Eulerian Rate Type Formulation of Hyperelasticity

Thermodynamic reference model for elastic-plastic solids undergoing phase transformations

This paper is concerned with an efficient implementation suitable for the elastography inverse problem. More precisely, the novel algorithm allows us to compute the unknown stiffness distribution in soft tissue by means of the measured displacement field by considerably reducing the numerical cost compared to previous approaches. This is realized by combining and further elaborating variational mesh adaption with a clustering technique similar to those known from digital image compression. Within the variational mesh adaption, the underlying finite element discretization is only locally refined if this leads to a considerable improvement of the numerical solution. Additionally, the numerical complexity is reduced by the aforementioned clustering technique, in which the parameters describing the stiffness of the respective soft tissue are sorted according to a predefined number of intervals. By doing so, the number of unknowns associated with the elastography inverse problem can be chosen explicitly. A positive side effect of this method is the reduction of artificial noise in the data (smoothing of the solution). The performance and the rate of convergence of the resulting numerical formulation are critically analyzed by numerical examples.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0031-9155/55/7/016/pdf

Efficient computation of the elastography inverse problem by combining variational mesh adaption and a clustering technique

New rate-independent finite elastoplastic equations are proposed in unified forms applicable to all loading-unloading cases. A departure from the classical elastoplastic equations is that these new equations are not subjected to and hence free from the usual extrinsic restrictive conditions, including the yield condition as well as the loading-unloading conditions. Such free equations are of Eulerian rate type and assume the same smooth form for all possible stresses and for all strain rates. It is demonstrated that the essential representative features of finite elastoplastic deformations, namely, the yield behavior and the loading-unloading behavior in the traditional sense, may be derived from and hence naturally incorporated as intrinsic physical characteristics into the free elastoplastic equations proposed in a more realistic sense and, in particular, the classical notions characterizing these features are found to exhibit novel, perhaps more profound physical meanings in the new equations. Furthermore, the strong discontinuity in tangent moduli at transition from elastic to plastic state, involved in the traditional formulation, is shown to be replaced by a smooth transition. Implications are discussed in respects of constitutive implications and numerical treatment.

Otto T. Bruhns

Papers

Electrorheological tactel elements

A Natural Generalization of Hypoelasticity and Eulerian Rate Type Formulation of Hyperelasticity

Thermodynamic reference model for elastic-plastic solids undergoing phase transformations

Efficient computation of the elastography inverse problem by combining variational mesh adaption and a clustering technique

Free rate-independent elastoplastic equations