This article provides an update on the global cancer burden using the GLOBOCAN 2020 estimates of cancer incidence and mortality produced by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Worldwide, an estimated 19.3 million new cancer cases (18.1 million excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and almost 10.0 million cancer deaths (9.9 million excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) occurred in 2020. Female breast cancer has surpassed lung cancer as the most commonly diagnosed cancer, with an estimated 2.3 million new cases (11.7%), followed by lung (11.4%), colorectal (10.0 %), prostate (7.3%), and stomach (5.6%) cancers. Lung cancer remained the leading cause of cancer death, with an estimated 1.8 million deaths (18%), followed by colorectal (9.4%), liver (8.3%), stomach (7.7%), and female breast (6.9%) cancers. Overall incidence was from 2-fold to 3-fold higher in transitioned versus transitioning countries for both sexes, whereas mortality varied <2-fold for men and little for women. Death rates for female breast and cervical cancers, however, were considerably higher in transitioning versus transitioned countries (15.0 vs 12.8 per 100,000 and 12.4 vs 5.2 per 100,000, respectively). The global cancer burden is expected to be 28.4 million cases in 2040, a 47% rise from 2020, with a larger increase in transitioning (64% to 95%) versus transitioned (32% to 56%) countries due to demographic changes, although this may be further exacerbated by increasing risk factors associated with globalization and a growing economy. Efforts to build a sustainable infrastructure for the dissemination of cancer prevention measures and provision of cancer care in transitioning countries is critical for global cancer control.

https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.3322/caac.21660

Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries.

With increasing incidence and mortality, cancer is the leading cause of death in China and is a major public health problem. Because of China's massive population (1.37 billion), previous national incidence and mortality estimates have been limited to small samples of the population using data from the 1990s or based on a specific year. With high-quality data from an additional number of population-based registries now available through the National Central Cancer Registry of China, the authors analyzed data from 72 local, population-based cancer registries (2009-2011), representing 6.5% of the population, to estimate the number of new cases and cancer deaths for 2015. Data from 22 registries were used for trend analyses (2000-2011). The results indicated that an estimated 4292,000 new cancer cases and 2814,000 cancer deaths would occur in China in 2015, with lung cancer being the most common incident cancer and the leading cause of cancer death. Stomach, esophageal, and liver cancers were also commonly diagnosed and were identified as leading causes of cancer death. Residents of rural areas had significantly higher age-standardized (Segi population) incidence and mortality rates for all cancers combined than urban residents (213.6 per 100,000 vs 191.5 per 100,000 for incidence; 149.0 per 100,000 vs 109.5 per 100,000 for mortality, respectively). For all cancers combined, the incidence rates were stable during 2000 through 2011 for males (+0.2% per year; P = .1), whereas they increased significantly (+2.2% per year; P < .05) among females. In contrast, the mortality rates since 2006 have decreased significantly for both males (-1.4% per year; P < .05) and females (-1.1% per year; P < .05). Many of the estimated cancer cases and deaths can be prevented through reducing the prevalence of risk factors, while increasing the effectiveness of clinical care delivery, particularly for those living in rural areas and in disadvantaged populations.

https://researchpubs.cancercouncil.com.au/cancercounciljspui/bitstream/1/1728/1/caac21338.pdf

Cancer statistics in China, 2015

Summary Background Since December, 2019, Wuhan, China, has experienced an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 have been reported but risk factors for mortality and a detailed clinical course of illness, including viral shedding, have not been well described. Methods In this retrospective, multicentre cohort study, we included all adult inpatients (≥18 years old) with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from Jinyintan Hospital and Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (Wuhan, China) who had been discharged or had died by Jan 31, 2020. Demographic, clinical, treatment, and laboratory data, including serial samples for viral RNA detection, were extracted from electronic medical records and compared between survivors and non-survivors. We used univariable and multivariable logistic regression methods to explore the risk factors associated with in-hospital death. Findings 191 patients (135 from Jinyintan Hospital and 56 from Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital) were included in this study, of whom 137 were discharged and 54 died in hospital. 91 (48%) patients had a comorbidity, with hypertension being the most common (58 [30%] patients), followed by diabetes (36 [19%] patients) and coronary heart disease (15 [8%] patients). Multivariable regression showed increasing odds of in-hospital death associated with older age (odds ratio 1·10, 95% CI 1·03–1·17, per year increase; p=0·0043), higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (5·65, 2·61–12·23; p Interpretation The potential risk factors of older age, high SOFA score, and d-dimer greater than 1 μg/mL could help clinicians to identify patients with poor prognosis at an early stage. Prolonged viral shedding provides the rationale for a strategy of isolation of infected patients and optimal antiviral interventions in the future. Funding Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences; National Science Grant for Distinguished Young Scholars; National Key Research and Development Program of China; The Beijing Science and Technology Project; and Major Projects of National Science and Technology on New Drug Creation and Development.

Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study

https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(17)33326-3.pdf

Global surveillance of trends in cancer survival 2000-14 (CONCORD-3): analysis of individual records for 37 513 025 patients diagnosed with one of 18 cancers from 322 population-based registries in 71 countries.

NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines

An updated European Network of Cancer registries (ENCR) Recommendations on Recording and Reporting of Urothelial Tumours of the Urinary Tract had been published in 2022. After the publication by the ENCR of the “Recommendations for coding bladder cancers” in 1995, knowledge about the biology and pathology of urinary tract tumors and their classification has varied and increased substantially. On the other hand, several studies have shown that cancer registries use different definitions, criteria for inclusion and coding of urothelial tumors. This great variability among registries affects not only the criteria for recording (registration, coding and classification) but also the criteria of reporting (counting in the statistics of incidence and survival) urinary tract tumors. This causes difficulties in the data comparability from different registries. Recording and reporting of urothelial tumors requires the application of standard criteria that must take into account the combination of the multiple aspects as the primary topography, the histological type, the grade, the extent of invasion, the multi-centricity, the progressions and the time interval between tumors. This led to the creation of a Working Group of the ENCR that developed these recommendations on the recording and reporting of urothelial tumors of the urinary tract. This article reports these recommendations and the rationale for each.

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2022.1046239/pdf

The 2022 ENCR Recommendations on recording and reporting of urothelial tumours of the urinary tract

/pdf/conditional-relative-survival-among-patients-with-nodular-3tynr5iaii.pdf

Conditional relative survival among patients with nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma in the Netherlands.

Therapies and Outcomes for Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Contemporary, Nationwide, Population-Based Study in the Netherlands

Background: At present, no other therapeutic strategy has substantially outperformed purine nucleoside analogues (PNAs)—introduced around the late 1980s and early 1990s—to manage hairy cell leukemia (HCL). The most recent population-based study in HCL showed that 10-year relative survival of HCL patients diagnosed in the Netherlands during 2001-2015 was 97%, 95%, and 83% in the age groups <60, 60-69, and ≥70 years, respectively (Dinmohamed AG et al. Blood; 2018). Given the improved longevity of HCL patients, relative survival rates fall short to inform on longevity across the entire patients’ life span. Aims: Studies estimating the life expectancy of HCL patients are hitherto lacking. Therefore, we assessed trends in the life expectancy of HCL patients from a historical and contemporary perspective. Methods: We selected all HCL patients diagnosed between 1989 and 2019—with follow-up for survival up to January 1, 2021—from the Netherlands Cancer Registry (N=1,828; median age, 60 years; interquartile range, 50-70 years; 78% males). We estimated the loss in expectation of life (LEL)—i.e., the difference between the life expectancy of patients and an age-, sex-, and period-matched group from the general population—using flexible parametric relative survival models. The LEL is interpreted as the average number of life years lost due to an HCL diagnosis. The LEL can vary markedly across ages because life expectancy is age-dependent. Therefore, the proportional LEL (PLEL) was estimated. These survival measures were presented by year of diagnosis for four ages at diagnosis (i.e., 40, 50, 60, and 70 years), stratified by sex. Results: The life expectancy of HCL patients increased gradually across all ages between 1989-2019, irrespective of sex (Fig A). It is noteworthy that HCL patients diagnosed in 1990 lost comparatively few life-years due to their diagnosis, ranging from a LEL of 1.7 to 3.9 life-years lost depending on age and sex (Fig B). Estimates for patients diagnosed in 2019 ranged from 0.8 to 1.9 life-years lost (Fig B). Over time, the decrease in LEL was most pronounced for younger patients (Fig B). For example, a 50-year-old male diagnosed with HCL in 1990, on average, has a LEL of 3.8 years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.1-5.5), whereas a male with a HCL diagnosis in 2019, on average, has a LEL of 1.0 years (95% CI, 0.3-1.7). The corresponding estimates for a 70-year-old male HCL patient were 2.3 (95% CI, 1.4-3.1) and 1.1 (95% CI, 0.6-1.7), respectively. The PLEL estimates also portrays that outcomes in HCL patients improved over time across all ages (Fig C). Nevertheless, there was a persistent age differential in the PLEL over time. More specifically, younger patients consistently have more remaining life-years than older patients, reflected in lower PLEL estimates in younger patients. Of note, the life expectancy estimates of female patients should be interpreted with caution by considering the wideness of the 95% CIs due to the comparative rarity of HCL in females to estimate the life expectancy accurately. Image:Summary/Conclusion: The life expectancy of HCL patients verges upon the life expectancy of the general population. This encouraging finding was already objectified around the early-1990s when PNA therapy was introduced for HCL management. Thereafter, the life expectancy gradually increased over time. Novel therapeutic strategies may reduce the minimal excess mortality encountered in contemporary diagnosed patients, particularly among the elderly. 

P644: the life expectancy of patients with hairy cell leukemia verges upon the life expectancy of the general population: a population-based study in the netherlands

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press, the Society for Neuro-Oncology and the European Association of Neuro-Oncology. Brief Communication

/pdf/conditional-relative-survival-in-primary-central-nervous-5g4x0a566v.pdf

Otto Visser

Papers

The 2022 ENCR Recommendations on recording and reporting of urothelial tumours of the urinary tract

Conditional relative survival among patients with nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma in the Netherlands.

Therapies and Outcomes for Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Contemporary, Nationwide, Population-Based Study in the Netherlands

P644: the life expectancy of patients with hairy cell leukemia verges upon the life expectancy of the general population: a population-based study in the netherlands

Conditional relative survival in primary central nervous system lymphoma: a population-based study in the Netherlands