J. Appl. Cryst.の発刊に際して

10. Patented Literature 2616 10.1. Esterification 2616 10.2. Ether Formation 2619 10.2.1. Etherification without Cyclization 2619 10.2.2. Etherification with Cyclization 2624 10.3. N-Alkylation 2625 10.4. Other Reactions 2627 11. Summary and Outlook 2628 12. Note Added in Proof 2628 13. Abbreviations Used in This Review 2629 14. Acknowledgments 2629 15. Supporting Information Available 2630 16. References 2630

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Cover -- Advancesin Heterocyclic Chemistry13; -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface13; -- Chapter 113; Hexameric Macrocyclic Architectures in Heterocyclic Chemistry -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Macrocycles with Five-Membered Heterocyclic Subunits -- 3. Six-Membered Ring Heterocycles -- 4. Miscellaneous Heterocyclic Materials -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 2 13;Metal-Catalyzed Intramolecular Heteroatom (X)!Carbon(C) Functional Group Migration Reactions Involving Additionsof X2;Y Bonds Across Alkynes -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Synthesis of O-Containing Heterocycles -- 3. Synthesis of N-Containing Heterocycles -- 4. Synthesis of S-Containing Heterocycles -- 5. Synthesis of Se-Containing Heterocycles -- 6. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 313; Biindolyls -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Synthesis -- 3. Reactions -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 413; The Annulation of 2-Imidazolines -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Polar Annulation Strategy -- 3. Imidazolines as Double Nucleophiles -- 4. Annulations of the Enamino Ester/Ketene Aminal -- 5. Annulations of N-Unsubstituted 2-Imidazolines -- 6. Imidazolines as Sources of 1,3-Dipoles -- 7. Azomethine Ylides by Alkylation2;Deprotonation -- 8. Azomethine Ylides by Carbene Insertion in a Catalytic Cycle -- 9. Azomethine Ylides by Conjugate Addition-Proton Transfer -- 10. Annulations Using Chiral Imidazolines -- 11. Optically Active Piperidines via Enamino Ester Annulation -- 12. Dipolar Cycloaddition of Optically Active Imidazolinium Ylides -- 13. Chiral Imidazoline Nitrones in Cycloadditions -- 14. Summary -- References -- Chapter 5 Recent Advances in the Dimroth Rearrangement: A ValuableTool for the Synthesis of Heterocycles -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Translocation of Heteroatoms in Fused Heterocycles (Type 1) -- 3. Translocation of Exo- and Endocyclic Heteroatoms in Heterocycles(Type 2) -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Subject Index.

Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry

The present study was carried out to know the effect of diethyl sulphate on groundnut cultivar TMV-7 particularly in M1 generation. The healthy and viable seeds of groundnut cultivar TMV-7 were exposed to different concentrations of diethyl sulphate (5 to 25 mM) and sown in the field. The various growth and morphological parameters like percentage of seed germination, survival percentage plant height, days to flowering, total height at time of harvest, root length and number of lateral roots, number of pods per plant and pod weight were decreased with increasing concentrations of diethyl sulphate. All the characteristics studied were inhibited when compared to control. The lower concentrations such as 5, 10 and 15 mM concentrations enhanced all the parameters. But there was a sudden decrease in 20 and 25 mM. The various concentrations of DES played a different role in the field condition itself. The shoots developed from different concentrations of DES showed variation in their number and height. The protein content also showed decreasing trend with increasing concentrations of DES. There was a steady increase of protein content up to 15 mM DES. After that, there was a drastic reduction in the protein content in 20 and 25 mM. From the diethyl sulphate treated seeds, the embryo axes were collected and subjected to SDS-PAGE analysis. The protein banding pattern also differentiated among various concentrations of DES. The protein band with 77.5 kDa was observed in 5 and 10mM treatments. Like that the 13.5 kDa was present in 10 and 25mM treatments. The 48.25 kDa recorded in 15 and 20 mM treatments.

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P. Manivel

Papers

EFFECT OF DIETHYL SULPHATE ON M1 ATTRIBUTES AND SDS-PAGE ANALYSIS IN GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.)