Eugenol bio-based epoxy thermosets: from cloves to applied materials

Advances in sustainable thermosetting resins: From renewable feedstock to high performance and recyclability

Epoxy resins with high thermal and mechanical performance as well as good resistance to fire are difficult to synthesize. In this work, a high-performance intrinsically flame-retardant epoxy resin (diglycidyl ether of daidzein (DGED)) was synthesized from renewable daidzein using an efficient one-step process, without the addition of additional flame retardants. The structure of DGED was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), 1H NMR, and 13C NMR before it was cured with 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM). A commercial diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) was cured with the same curing agent. Results indicated that the cured DGED/DDM system possessed glass transition temperature (Tg) of up to 205 °C (172 °C for DGEBA/DDM), and tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, and flexural modulus of 83, 2972, 131, and 2980 MPa, respectively, all much higher than those of cured DGEBA/DDM. The cured DGED/DDM system demonstrated excellent flame-retardant properties, showing a residual char of 4...

High-Performing and Fire-Resistant Biobased Epoxy Resin from Renewable Sources

Epoxy thermosets and materials derived from bio-based monomeric phenols: Transformations and performances

This review covers developments in ‘Atomic Spectrometry’. It covers atomic emission, absorption, fluorescence and mass spectrometry, but excludes material on speciation and coupled techniques which is included in a separate review. It should be read in conjunction with the other related reviews in the series.1–6 A critical approach to the selection of material has been adopted, with only novel developments in instrumentation, techniques and methodology being included. Developments worthy of note include photochemical and electrochemical methods of vapour generation, single particle analysis using ICP-MS and the development of new methods for direct plasma generation in liquid samples. The use of MC-ICP-MS continues to grow in importance for isotope ratio measurements in fields as diverse as geochronology, nuclear forensics and biomedical research. Laser-based methods are also important in many fields, particularly for direct and stand-off analysis of solid samples.

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Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in atomic spectrometry and related techniques

Microalgae are a potential source of renewable energy but could also interesting lead to a platform for oleochemicals. Hence, the oil obtained from Schizochytrium microalgae, with a high content in unsaturations, was dedicated to the synthesis of polymer materials. After the determination of its structure, algal oil was epoxidized in presence of exchange cation resin to reach a high functionality of ten epoxy functions per molecule. Then, fully bio-based epoxy networks were synthesized with priamine® (oleic acid dimer-derived amine) as hardener. These new algal epoxy materials were characterized and compared with vegetable oils derived epoxy networks (linseed or soybean oils). Epoxy co-monomers were added to the formulation in order to improve the material properties. We added both trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether, a classical crosslinking agent, and triepoxided phloroglucinol, derived from algal phlorotannins. The addition epoxy co-monomers allowed to obtain materials with various properties. The thermal and mechanical properties highlighted the interesting superiority of algal oils with their high content in reactive functions. Finally, the addition of a blowing agent (MH15 polysiloxane) led to the synthesis of algal oils derived foams with interesting properties. Thus, algal oil demonstrated interesting potential as a viable starting material for fully bio-based thermosetting materials and foams.

Practical applications: The main reactant described in this article, that is, epoxidized algal oil (EAO), provides bio-based aliphatic building blocks for further epoxy foams syntheses by reaction with vegetable oil derived amines and another aromatic epoxy co-monomer. The obtained epoxy materials and foams are bio-based with various rigidities and high cross-linking ratio. Materials may be used in electronics and electrical systems or for high-performance adhesives. Foams may be applied as thermal and vibration isolation and for the production of lightweight materials or the transportation industry such as aircraft-interior panels and crash pads. For the more flexible foams, medical applications could be considered.

New bio‐based epoxy materials and foams from microalgal oil

• The principles of Green Chemistry aiming environmental, health, safety, and economic targets. • Sustainable analytical methods have increasingly importance within green chemistry principles. • The green analytical chemistry includes developing new solvents for suitable elemental analysis. • The use of less toxic, diluted reagents and miniaturized methods are green sample strategies. 

(Re) thinking Towards a Sustainable Analytical Chemistry: Part I: Inorganic Elemental Sample Treatment, Part II: Alternative Solvents and Extraction Techniques

Patricia de Andrade Nascimento

Papers

New bio‐based epoxy materials and foams from microalgal oil

(Re) thinking Towards a Sustainable Analytical Chemistry: Part I: Inorganic Elemental Sample Treatment, Part II: Alternative Solvents and Extraction Techniques

Evaluation of Trace Elements in Cannabis Products