Evidenced-based guidelines for management of infants and children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) were prepared by an expert panel comprising clinicians and investigators representing community pediatrics, public health, and the pediatric specialties of critical care, emergency medicine, hospital medicine, infectious diseases, pulmonology, and surgery. These guidelines are intended for use by primary care and subspecialty providers responsible for the management of otherwise healthy infants and children with CAP in both outpatient and inpatient settings. Site-of-care management, diagnosis, antimicrobial and adjunctive surgical therapy, and prevention are discussed. Areas that warrant future investigations are also highlighted.

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The Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Infants and Children Older Than 3 Months of Age: Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America

City planning and population health: a global challenge

https://nacto.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/2016_Fishman_Bikeshare-A-Review-of-Recent-Literature.pdf

Bikeshare: A Review of Recent Literature

The main message emerging from this new comprehensive global assessment is that premature death and disease can be prevented through healthier environments – and to a significant degree. Analysing the latest data on the environment-disease nexus and the devastating impact of environmental hazards and risks on global health, backed up by expert opinion, this report covers more than 130 diseases and injuries.

Preventing disease through healthy environments: a global assessment of the burden of disease from environmental risks

Bike Share: A Synthesis of the Literature

http://tram.mcgill.ca/Research/Publications/ped_safety_montreal.pdf

The link between built environment, pedestrian activity and pedestrian–vehicle collision occurrence at signalized intersections

Most individuals prefer bicycling separated from motor traffic. However, cycle tracks (physically separated bicycle-exclusive paths along roads, as found in The Netherlands) are discouraged in the USA by engineering guidance that suggests that facilities such as cycle tracks are more dangerous than the street. The objective of this study conducted in Montreal (with a longstanding network of cycle tracks) was to compare bicyclist injury rates on cycle tracks versus in the street. For six cycle tracks and comparable reference streets, vehicle/bicycle crashes and health record injury counts were obtained and use counts conducted. The relative risk (RR) of injury on cycle tracks, compared with reference streets, was determined. Overall, 2.5 times as many cyclists rode on cycle tracks compared with reference streets and there were 8.5 injuries and 10.5 crashes per million bicyclekilometres. The RR of injury on cycle tracks was 0.72 (95% CI 0.60 to 0.85) compared with bicycling in reference streets. These data suggest that the injury risk of bicycling on cycle tracks is less than bicycling in streets. The construction of cycle tracks should not be discouraged.

/pdf/risk-of-injury-for-bicycling-on-cycle-tracks-versus-in-the-2q4i0rfuai.pdf

Risk of injury for bicycling on cycle tracks versus in the street

Use of a New Public Bicycle Share Program in Montreal, Canada

Objectives. We examined the extent to which differential traffic volume and road geometry can explain social inequalities in pedestrian, cyclist, and motor vehicle occupant injuries across wealthy and poor urban areas.Methods. We performed a multilevel observational study of all road users injured over 5 years (n = 19 568) at intersections (n = 17 498) in a large urban area (Island of Montreal, Canada). We considered intersection-level (traffic estimates, major roads, number of legs) and area-level (population density, commuting travel modes, household income) characteristics in multilevel Poisson regressions that nested intersections in 506 census tracts.Results. There were significantly more injured pedestrians, cyclists, and motor vehicle occupants at intersections in the poorest than in the richest areas. Controlling for traffic volume, intersection geometry, and pedestrian and cyclist volumes greatly attenuated the event rate ratios between intersections in the poorest and richest areas for injured p...

Patrick Morency

Papers

The link between built environment, pedestrian activity and pedestrian–vehicle collision occurrence at signalized intersections

Risk of injury for bicycling on cycle tracks versus in the street

Use of a New Public Bicycle Share Program in Montreal, Canada

Neighborhood Social Inequalities in Road Traffic Injuries: The Influence of Traffic Volume and Road Design

Cyclist activity and injury risk analysis at signalized intersections: a Bayesian modelling approach.