Showing papers in "Accident Analysis & Prevention in 2011"

TL;DR: This paper summarizes the evolution of research and current thinking as it relates to the statistical analysis of motor-vehicle injury severities, and provides a discussion of future methodological directions.

TL;DR: The evidence did not support a direct link between circadian-related fatigue influences and performance or safety outcomes and further research is needed to clarify the link.

TL;DR: Positive affect more strongly predicted risky driving for teen and male drivers than for adult and female drivers, and future research into interventions designed to moderate the positive affect surrounding driving may have promise for reducing risky driving behavior.

TL;DR: A taxonomy is presented in which driver distraction is distinguished from other forms of driver inattention to make it possible to more accurately interpret and compare, across studies, the research findings for a given form of driverInattention.

TL;DR: Based on the improved understanding on the injury severity of truck drivers from truck-involved accidents, it is expected that more rational and effective injury prevention strategy may be developed for truck drivers under different driving conditions in the future.

TL;DR: It is found that PSC triggered both the health impairment and motivational pathways, thus justifying extending the JD-R model in a multilevel way and moderating the positive relationship between bullying/harassment and psychological health problems.

TL;DR: Results indicated that direct personality effects on driving outcomes were few, whereas personality had significant correlations with aberrant driving behavior, showing that personality is a distal but important predictor of negative driving outcomes.

TL;DR: Using 5-year data from interstate highways in Indiana, the analysis shows that, while models that do not use detailed crash-specific data do not perform as well as those that do, random parameter models using less detailed data still can provide a reasonable level of accuracy.

TL;DR: Results show that a 30% reduction in the traffic volume would reduce the total number of injured pedestrians by 35% and the average risk of pedestrian collision by 50% at the intersections under analysis, and major arterials are found to have a double negative effect on pedestrian safety.

TL;DR: It is vital that regulators, employer, and employees have an understanding of the causes and consequences of fatigue that is sufficient for them to meet their responsibilities in relation to FRMS, since FRMS is data-driven and ongoing evaluation is integral.

TL;DR: The aim of this review was to evaluate all studies of pedestrian fatality risk as a function of car impact speed and found more recent research based on less biased data or adjusted for bias provided substantially lower risk estimates than had been previously reported.

TL;DR: A factor analysis of the perception of road conditions while texting revealed that making the choice to engage in texting (initiating) led drivers to perceive road conditions as being safer than if they replied to a text or read a text, suggesting that choosing in the behavior itself changes attitudes toward risk.

TL;DR: An extensive analysis of the empirical factors affecting injury severity of large-truck crashes is undertaken, finding driver distraction, alcohol use, and emotional factors are found to be associated with higher severity crashes.

TL;DR: It can be concluded that Legs 4W, 5W, 11E, and 12E are the most risky legs in the Strait and the ship collision risk reduction solutions should be prioritized being implemented in these four legs.

TL;DR: An analysis of 1536 accidents on rural highways in Spain is presented, where 18 variables representing the aforementioned contributing factors were used to build 3 different BNs that classified the severity of accidents into slightly injured and killed or severely injured.

TL;DR: Results of likelihood ratio tests reveal that some of the factors affecting bicyclist injury severity at intersection and non-intersection locations are substantively different and using a common model to jointly estimate impacts on severity at both types of locations may result in biased or inconsistent estimates.

TL;DR: The potential contribution of several prevalent medical conditions - allergic rhinitis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, rheumatoid arthritis/osteoarthritis - and chronic fatigue syndrome and clinical sleep disorders - insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, narcolepsy, periodic limb movement of sleep, and restless legs syndrome - to the risk for drowsy-driving road crashes is reviewed.

TL;DR: A multivariate logistic regression model, based upon National Automotive Sampling System Crashworthiness Data System (NASS-CDS) data for calendar years 1999-2008, was developed to predict the probability that a crash-involved vehicle will contain one or more occupants with serious or incapacitating injuries.

TL;DR: The findings support prioritization of interventions targeting driver distraction and surveillance and hazard awareness training after crashes involving 15-18 year old drivers.

TL;DR: Estimation results showed that there were substantial differences across age/gender groups under different roadway-surface conditions, and many other significant differences among age and gender groups suggest that drivers perceive and react to pavement- surface conditions in very different ways, and this has important safety implications.

TL;DR: This study presents a comprehensive examination of FS-related crashes using crash data from Florida between 2003 and 2007, finding that head-on and rear-end crashes are the two most common crash types in terms of crash risk and severity.

TL;DR: This review summarises the variables known to influence workplace fatigue and draws attention to the considerable variability attributable to individual and task variables not included in current models.

TL;DR: The study results suggest that the improvement in markings and signs might also have a significant effect in the sites where geometric design deficiencies were identified as contributory factors and the most important factors related to geometric design were the radius of deflection and the deviation angle.

TL;DR: Positive associations between accident reduction and the use of personal communication or roadside media as part of a campaign delivery strategy are suggested, consistent with the idea that campaigns can be more effective in the short term if the message is delivered with personal communication in a way that is proximal in space and time to the behaviour targeted by the campaign.

TL;DR: Field observation of 254 pedestrians at unmarked roadway in China showed that pedestrians who were middle aged, involved in bigger groups, looked at vehicles more often before crossing or interacted with buses rather than cars were safer while those running were more dangerous.

TL;DR: Adjusting for pedestrians' and drivers' characteristics and actions, neighborhood medium home values and higher residential densities increased the risk of injury or death, suggesting that pedestrians were not safer in areas with high pedestrian activity.

TL;DR: The results showed that compared to other street patterns, loops and lollipops design increases the probability of an injury but reduces the possibility of fatality and property-damage-only in an event of a crash.

TL;DR: There is great potential effectiveness for vehicle-based crash avoidance systems, however, it is yet to be determined how drivers will interact with the systems.

TL;DR: This article reviews the literature pertaining to the association between demographic variables with fatigue, and when feasible, accident risk, and recommends greater interdisciplinary collaborations, incorporation of multiple demographic variables as independent factors, and use of within-participant analyses.

TL;DR: The results show that the temporal crossing compliance rate is lower among male pedestrians but spatial crossing compliance does not differ between genders, and different gaze patterns emerge before and during crossing, notably as women particularly focus on other pedestrians during these two periods whereas men focus on vehicles.