Background: Thyroid disease in pregnancy is a common clinical problem. Since the guidelines for the management of these disorders by the American Thyroid Association (ATA) were first published in 2...

https://www.thyca.org/download/document/486/PregnancyandPostpartum.pdf

2017 Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the Diagnosis and Management of Thyroid Disease During Pregnancy and the Postpartum

http://drop-kicker.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/kyle-bia.pdf

Bioelectrical impedance analysis--part I: review of principles and methods.

BACKGROUND Semen quality is taken as a surrogate measure of male fecundity in clinical andrology, male fertility, reproductive toxicology, epidemiology and pregnancy risk assessments. Reference intervals for values of semen parameters from a fertile population could provide data from which prognosis of fertility or diagnosis of infertility can be extrapolated. METHODS Semen samples from over 4500 men in 14 countries on four continents were obtained from retrospective and prospective analyses on fertile men, men of unknown fertility status and men selected as normozoospermic. Men whose partners had a time-to-pregnancy (TTP) of < or =12 months were chosen as individuals to provide reference distributions for semen parameters. Distributions were also generated for a population assumed to represent the general population. RESULTS The following one-sided lower reference limits, the fifth centiles (with 95th percent confidence intervals), were generated from men whose partners had TTP < or = 12 months: semen volume, 1.5 ml (1.4-1.7); total sperm number, 39 million per ejaculate (33-46); sperm concentration, 15 million per ml (12-16); vitality, 58% live (55-63); progressive motility, 32% (31-34); total (progressive + non-progressive) motility, 40% (38-42); morphologically normal forms, 4.0% (3.0-4.0). Semen quality of the reference population was superior to that of the men from the general population and normozoospermic men. CONCLUSIONS The data represent sound reference distributions of semen characteristics of fertile men in a number of countries. They provide an appropriate tool in conjunction with clinical data to evaluate a patient's semen quality and prospects for fertility.

/pdf/world-health-organization-reference-values-for-human-semen-3qu21s6tqf.pdf

World Health Organization reference values for human semen characteristics

In the last few years there has been a veritable explosion of knowledge about cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases. In particular, the accumulating data showing that there are a large number of different phosphodiesterase isozymes have triggered an equally large increase in interest about these enzymes. At least seven different gene families of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase are currently known to exist in mammalian tissues. Most families contain several distinct genes, and many of these genes are expressed in different tissues as functionally unique alternative splice variants. This article reviews many of the more important aspects about the structure, cellular localization, and regulation of each family of phosphodiesterases. Particular emphasis is placed on new information obtained in the last few years about how differential expression and regulation of individual phosphodiesterase isozymes relate to their function(s) in the body. A substantial discussion of the currently accepted nomenclature is also included. Finally, a brief discussion is included about how the differences among distinct phosphodiesterase isozymes are beginning to be used as the basis for developing therapeutic agents.

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases: functional implications of multiple isoforms

Objective: The aim was to update the guidelines for the management of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy and postpartum published previously in 2007. A summary of changes between the 2007 and 2012 version is identified in the Supplemental Data (published on The Endocrine Society's Journals Online web site at http://jcem.endojournals.org). Evidence: This evidence-based guideline was developed according to the U.S. Preventive Service Task Force, grading items level A, B, C, D, or I, on the basis of the strength of evidence and magnitude of net benefit (benefits minus harms) as well as the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system to describe both the strength of recommendations and the quality of evidence. Consensus Process: The guideline was developed through a series of e-mails, conference calls, and one face-to-face meeting. An initial draft was prepared by the Task Force, with the help of a medical writer, and reviewed and commented on by members of The Endocri...

/pdf/management-of-thyroid-dysfunction-during-pregnancy-and-575y0c8uhf.pdf

Management of Thyroid Dysfunction during Pregnancy and Postpartum: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline

Ejaculatory sperm production in non-obstructive azoospermic patients with a history of negative testicular biopsy after the administration of an aromatase inhibitor: report of two cases.

/pdf/reply-letter-to-the-editor-of-human-reproduction-update-2vaqc90dwl.pdf

Reply: Letter to the Editor of Human Reproduction Update

Preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) intends to improve reproductive outcome through selecting euploid embryos by chromosomal analysis on cleavage-stage embryos. The main indication is subfertility in couples with advanced maternal age. PGS is also advocated as a tool to improve the live-birth rate in couples with repeated implantation failure, repeated miscarriage or severe male factor infertility. The use of PGS in couples with advanced maternal age has only been evaluated in three randomized, controlled trials to date. However, these studies did not demonstrate a significantly higher live-birth rate or lower miscarriage rate with this technique. Moreover, no large, randomized clinical trials have been published on PGS indications other than advanced maternal age. Limitations of the technique include a possible inaccurate chromosomal analysis of the blastomere and embryonic mosaicism. We conclude that there is no place for the routine clinical use of PGS.

Arguments against preimplantation aneuploidy screening

Infertility, a failure of conception after at least 12 months of unprotected intercourse, will affect 14–17% of couples at some time in their reproductive lives. The types of infertility, with their respective frequencies, are tubal and pelvic pathology (35%), male problems (35%), anovulation (15%), unexplained infertility (10%) and other infrequent problems (5%). While anovulation, mild/moderate endometriosis, unexplained infertility and moderate oligozoospermia can be treated with mild ovarian stimulation and timed intercourse and/or intrauterine insemination (IUI), no treatment options are available for nonoperable tubal problems or treatment failures with IUI.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0962279901000242

Paul Devroey

Papers

Ejaculatory sperm production in non-obstructive azoospermic patients with a history of negative testicular biopsy after the administration of an aromatase inhibitor: report of two cases.

Reply: Letter to the Editor of Human Reproduction Update

Arguments against preimplantation aneuploidy screening

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection – an update

Reply: Comparing highly purified hMG and rFSH in patients undergoing IVF