This article provides an update on the global cancer burden using the GLOBOCAN 2020 estimates of cancer incidence and mortality produced by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Worldwide, an estimated 19.3 million new cancer cases (18.1 million excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and almost 10.0 million cancer deaths (9.9 million excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) occurred in 2020. Female breast cancer has surpassed lung cancer as the most commonly diagnosed cancer, with an estimated 2.3 million new cases (11.7%), followed by lung (11.4%), colorectal (10.0 %), prostate (7.3%), and stomach (5.6%) cancers. Lung cancer remained the leading cause of cancer death, with an estimated 1.8 million deaths (18%), followed by colorectal (9.4%), liver (8.3%), stomach (7.7%), and female breast (6.9%) cancers. Overall incidence was from 2-fold to 3-fold higher in transitioned versus transitioning countries for both sexes, whereas mortality varied <2-fold for men and little for women. Death rates for female breast and cervical cancers, however, were considerably higher in transitioning versus transitioned countries (15.0 vs 12.8 per 100,000 and 12.4 vs 5.2 per 100,000, respectively). The global cancer burden is expected to be 28.4 million cases in 2040, a 47% rise from 2020, with a larger increase in transitioning (64% to 95%) versus transitioned (32% to 56%) countries due to demographic changes, although this may be further exacerbated by increasing risk factors associated with globalization and a growing economy. Efforts to build a sustainable infrastructure for the dissemination of cancer prevention measures and provision of cancer care in transitioning countries is critical for global cancer control.

https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.3322/caac.21660

Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries.

世界経済・社会統計 = World development indicators

Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 In this research letter, investigators report on the stability of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-1 under experimental conditions. The viability of the two virus...

https://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMc2004973?articleTools=true

Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1.

https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(08)61690-6.pdf

Closing the gap in a generation: health equity through action on the social determinants of health

The 11th edition of Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine welcomes Anthony Fauci to its editorial staff, in addition to more than 85 new contributors. While the organization of the book is similar to previous editions, major emphasis has been placed on disorders that affect multiple organ systems. Important advances in genetics, immunology, and oncology are emphasized. Many chapters of the book have been rewritten and describe major advances in internal medicine. Subjects that received only a paragraph or two of attention in previous editions are now covered in entire chapters. Among the chapters that have been extensively revised are the chapters on infections in the compromised host, on skin rashes in infections, on many of the viral infections, including cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus, on sexually transmitted diseases, on diabetes mellitus, on disorders of bone and mineral metabolism, and on lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. The major revisions in these chapters and many

Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine

Inevitably, the decision for the world community is whether to support a few delivery programmes of superb quality but high cost (as Weidle and colleagues did), but which will necessarily limit access for the many, or to support more programmes of poorer quality that off er wider access to care, but with all the attendant concerns about future loss of antiretroviral eff ectiveness because of drug-resistant HIV? Quite literally, this is a decision with life and death implications for millions of vulnerable and deserving people. Establishment of a programme that balances the competing demands of fairness, eff ectiveness, access, and cost will surely be one of the central ethical challenges to be faced in the coming years.

https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(06)69609-8.pdf

Physicians' assessment and competence: USA and UK

Shifting global surgery's center of gravity.

Pablos-Mendez Gowda and Frieden aim to establish a "rational" base for the control of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in resource-poor settings. To assess the rationality of their work this article examines the core assumptions about MDR-TB.

Examining assumptions about multidrug-resistant TB control.

Background HIV immune escape follows a predictable mutational path in response to the HLA alleles carried by an individual. The kinetics of CTL epitope escape and reversion in subtype B HIV-1 infected individuals have recently been reported, however, the inferences drawn from them were limited by the absence of information about the transmitted sequence. To address these issues, we examined Gag, Pol and Nef sequences in both partners of 148 epidemiologically-linked transmission pairs from an African subtype C cohort.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186%2F1742-4690-6-S3-O39.pdf

OA06-03. Dynamics of CTL epitope escape and reversion in an African subtype C cohort

The article analyzes the theoretical contributions of anthropology to the understanding of AIDS-related stigma and its social course, and proposes structural violence as a conceptual framework. It is based on the experience of AIDS in Haiti.

Paul Farmer

Papers

Physicians' assessment and competence: USA and UK

Shifting global surgery's center of gravity.

Examining assumptions about multidrug-resistant TB control.

OA06-03. Dynamics of CTL epitope escape and reversion in an African subtype C cohort

El estigma del sida y su evolución social: una visión desde Haití 1 AIDS-related stigma and its social course: a view from Haiti