Paul S. Pagel

TL;DR: Isoflurane directly preconditions myocardium against infarction via activation of KATP channels in the absence of hemodynamic effects and exhibits acute memory of preconditioning in vivo.

TL;DR: The administration of a single subanaesthetic dose of ketamine to older adults during major surgery did not show evidence of reducing postoperative delirium, pain, or opioid consumption, and might cause harm by inducing negative experiences.

TL;DR: The experimental and clinical findings documenting the phenomenon of volatile anesthetic preconditioning against ischemic injury of myocardium are evaluated and several endogenous signal transduction pathways, acting through the adenosine triphosphate–sensitive potassium (KATP) channel and involving the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), have been implicated in mediating the antiischemic actions of volatileAnesthetics.

TL;DR: Isoflurane acts during early reperfusion after prolonged ischemia to salvage myocardium from infarction and reduces the threshold of ischemic postconditioning by activating PI3K.

TL;DR: Levosimendan exerts cardioprotective effects via activation of KATP channels at a dose that simultaneously enhances myocardial contractility and may be advantageous in patients requiring inotropic support who are also at risk ofMyocardial ischemia.