Payal J. Patel

TL;DR: IgG4+ plasma cells are common in orbital tissue from patients with sarcoidosis, GPA, or NSOI, and staining correlates with increased inflammation in the lacrimal gland based on histology and gene expression.

TL;DR: Forms of orbital inflammation can be distinguished based on gene expression, and NSOI/pseudotumor is heterogeneous but often may be an unrecognized, localized form of GPA.

TL;DR: Gene expression in sarcoidosis involving the orbit or lacrimal gland can be distinguished from gene expression patterns in control tissue and overlaps with many transcripts upregulated or downregulated in the peripheral blood of patients with sarcoIDosis.

TL;DR: A pathologist's recognition of fibrosis in orbital tissue correlates well with increased expression of transcripts that are considered essential in fibrosis, and many transcripts implicated in orbital fibrosis have been previously implicated in pulmonary fibrosis.

TL;DR: Reactivation of thyroid eye disease is defined by recurrence of inflammatory signs and symptoms after a period of stability lasting at least 6 months and does not appear to be as rare as previously believed.