Due to their good performance and environmental friendliness, fly ash-based construction materials have great potential as alternatives to ordinary Portland cement. To realize sustainable development and beneficial use of fly ash in the construction industry, this paper presents a comprehensive review of relevant literature to evaluate the properties and performance of fly ash, with a particular focus on recent advances in characterization, compositional understanding, hydration mechanism, activation approaches, durability and sustainability of fly ash as a construction material. Several key aspects governing the performance of fly ash, including chemical composition, activator type and hydrates evolution in concrete, are highlighted. Finally, the important needs, pertinent to the optimal and broad utilization of fly ash as an integral part of sustainable construction materials, are identified for further research and development, where large-scale application studies, further classification of fly ash, advanced characterization tools and technology transfer to biomass fly ash are recommended.

Characteristics and applications of fly ash as a sustainable construction material: A state-of-the-art review

Advance review on the exploitation of the prominent energy-storage element: Lithium. Part I: From mineral and brine resources

Fly ash and slag

Pore structure evaluation of cementing composites blended with coal by-products: Calcined coal gangue and coal fly ash

Preparation and application of alkali-activated materials based on waste glass and coal gangue: A review

α → γ → β-phase transformation of spodumene with hybrid microwave and conventional furnaces

http://jultika.oulu.fi/files/nbnfi-fe2019100130696.pdf

Solidification/stabilization of gold mine tailings using calcium sulfoaluminate-belite cement

This paper deals with the synthesis and thermal stability of one-part metakaolin geopolymer composites containing high volume of spodumene tailings (Quartz Feldspar Sand; QFS) and glass wool (GW). One of the objectives of the study was to prepare materials encompassing a maximum amount of waste streams with some potential thermal stability. Several compositions were prepared with sodium metasilicate anhydrous (Na2SiO3) wt.% of 0.5, 2.5, 5, 10 and 12,5. The one-part metakaolin geopolymer composites were cured at 60 °C for 24 h and the mechanical properties were assessed at 7 days and after post-heat treatment at 500, 750, 1000, 1100 or 1200 °C. X-ray diffraction, dilatometry, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetry analyses were used to study the stability of the prepared geopolymer composites until 1100–1200 °C. The results showed that more than 20 MPa compressive strength could be achieved with metakaolin geopolymer composites containing only 20 wt% of metakaolin. Metakaolin-GW geopolymer composites were stable up to 500 °C. Meanwhile, their counterparts containing QFS were stable up to 1100–1200 °C; samples prepared with higher dosage of sodium (Na2SiO3 > 5 wt%) retained more than 50% of their initial strength after thermal treatment at 1100 °C. Interestingly, for dosages of Na2SiO3 ≤ 5 wt%, more than 300% increase of strength was observed after thermal treatment at 1100–1200 °C. The use of QFS limited the thermal shrinkage at mild temperatures (

Pekka Tanskanen

Papers

α → γ → β-phase transformation of spodumene with hybrid microwave and conventional furnaces

Solidification/stabilization of gold mine tailings using calcium sulfoaluminate-belite cement

Thermal stability of one-part metakaolin geopolymer composites containing high volume of spodumene tailings and glass wool

Reactivity and self-hardening of fly ash from the fluidized bed combustion of wood and peat

Production and properties of ferrite-rich CSAB cement from metallurgical industry residues