Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

The superposition model was originally developed to separate the geometrical and physical information in crystal field parameters. Its success in the analysis of lanthanide spectra has been paralleled by the success of the related angular overlap model in the analysis of d-electron spectra. The basic ideas, method of application and reliability of the superposition model are discussed and its relationship with the angular overlap model is clarified. Developments described are the application of the superposition model to the ground (L=0) multiplet splittings of d5 and f7 ions, orbit-lattice interactions, transition intensities and correlation crystal fields. Special attention is paid to work which has been claimed to support or disprove the postulates of the model.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0034-4885/52/6/002/pdf

The superposition model of crystal fields

http://www-com.physik.hu-berlin.de/~fjeger/gm2review.pdf

The muon g ― 2

ALICE is a general-purpose heavy-ion experiment designed to study the physics of strongly interacting matter and the quark–gluon plasma in nucleus–nucleus collisions at the LHC. It currently involves more than 900 physicists and senior engineers, from both the nuclear and high-energy physics sectors, from over 90 institutions in about 30 countries.The ALICE detector is designed to cope with the highest particle multiplicities above those anticipated for Pb–Pb collisions (dNch/dy up to 8000) and it will be operational at the start-up of the LHC. In addition to heavy systems, the ALICE Collaboration will study collisions of lower-mass ions, which are a means of varying the energy density, and protons (both pp and pA), which primarily provide reference data for the nucleus–nucleus collisions. In addition, the pp data will allow for a number of genuine pp physics studies.The detailed design of the different detector systems has been laid down in a number of Technical Design Reports issued between mid-1998 and the end of 2004. The experiment is currently under construction and will be ready for data taking with both proton and heavy-ion beams at the start-up of the LHC.Since the comprehensive information on detector and physics performance was last published in the ALICE Technical Proposal in 1996, the detector, as well as simulation, reconstruction and analysis software have undergone significant development. The Physics Performance Report (PPR) provides an updated and comprehensive summary of the performance of the various ALICE subsystems, including updates to the Technical Design Reports, as appropriate.The PPR is divided into two volumes. Volume I, published in 2004 (CERN/LHCC 2003-049, ALICE Collaboration 2004 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 30 1517–1763), contains in four chapters a short theoretical overview and an extensive reference list concerning the physics topics of interest to ALICE, the experimental conditions at the LHC, a short summary and update of the subsystem designs, and a description of the offline framework and Monte Carlo event generators.The present volume, Volume II, contains the majority of the information relevant to the physics performance in proton–proton, proton–nucleus, and nucleus–nucleus collisions. Following an introductory overview, Chapter 5 describes the combined detector performance and the event reconstruction procedures, based on detailed simulations of the individual subsystems. Chapter 6 describes the analysis and physics reach for a representative sample of physics observables, from global event characteristics to hard processes.

ALICE: Physics Performance Report, Volume II

We recently derived, using diagrammatic methods, the leading-order hard photon emission rate in ultra-relativistic plasmas This requires a correct treatment of multiple scattering effects which limit the coherence length of emitted radiation (the Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal effect) In this paper, we provide a more physical derivation of this result, and extend the treatment to the case of gluon radiation

Photon and gluon emission in relativistic plasmas

Photons in the energy range of about one-half to several GeV have been proposed as a signal of the formation of a quark-gluon plasma in high-energy collisions. To lowest order the thermal emission rate is infrared divergent for massless quarks, but we regulate this divergence using the resummation technique of Braaten and Pisarski. Photons can also be produced in the hadron phase. We find that the dominant contribution comes from the reactions $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\gamma}$; the decays $\ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and $\ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ are also significant. Comparing the thermal emission rates at a temperature $T=200$ MeV we conclude that the hadron gas shines just as brightly as the quark-gluon plasma.

High-energy photons from quark-gluon plasma versus hot hadronic gas

An alternative mechanism of Jψ suppression in heavy ion collisions

The NA60 experiment has measured low mass muon pair production in In-In collisions at $158A\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$ with unprecedented precision. We show that these data are reproduced very well by a dynamical model with parameters scaled from fits to measurements of hadronic transverse mass spectra and Hanbury Brown--Twiss correlations in Pb-Pb and Pb-Au collisions at the same energy. The data are consistent with in-medium properties of $\ensuremath{\rho}$ and $\ensuremath{\omega}$ mesons at finite temperature and density as deduced from empirical forward-scattering amplitudes. Inclusion of the vacuum decay of the $\ensuremath{\rho}$ meson after freeze-out is necessary for an understanding of the mass and transverse momentum spectrum of dimuons with $M\ensuremath{\lesssim}0.9\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/{c}^{2}$.

Low mass dimuons produced in relativistic nuclear collisions.

For a while now, electromagnetic signals have been known as ideal probes of strongly interacting matter at high temperatures and densities1. This owes to the fact that once they are produced, they will travel relatively unscathed from their point of origin to the detector. Since production rates are rapidly increasing functions of temperature and density, these electromagnetic signals provide valuable information on the hot and dense phases of the reaction. It is hoped that, because of these facts, those signals should constitute precious aids in the process of analyzing the behaviour of hot quark-gluon matter2. As with any possible experimental signature of the QGP, a great deal of care must go into the calculation of a corresponding “purely hadronic” signal, that is a contribution to the same experimental observables from sources other than the deconfined, chiral-symmetric phase. As far as the quark-gluon plasma is concerned, one may refer to these sources as the “background”.

Lepton pairs from thermal mesons

https://cds.cern.ch/record/207820/files/199006142.pdf

Peter Lichard

Papers

High-energy photons from quark-gluon plasma versus hot hadronic gas

An alternative mechanism of Jψ suppression in heavy ion collisions

Low mass dimuons produced in relativistic nuclear collisions.

Lepton pairs from thermal mesons

The cold quark-gluon plasma as a source of very soft photons in high energy collisions