A review on heavy metal pollution, toxicity and remedial measures: Current trends and future perspectives

http://jultika.oulu.fi/files/nbnfi-fe2017112150815.pdf

One-part alkali-activated materials : a review

Rare earth elements (REE) include the lanthanide series elements (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu) plus Sc and Y. Currently these metals have become very critical to several modern technologies ranging from cell phones and televisions to LED light bulbs and wind turbines. This article summarizes the occurrence of these metals in the Earth's crust, their mineralogy, different types of deposits both on land and oceans from the standpoint of the new data with more examples from the Indian subcontinent. In addition to their utility to understand the formation of the major Earth reservoirs, multi-faceted updates on the applications of REE in agriculture and medicine including new emerging ones are presented. Environmental hazards including human health issues due to REE mining and large-scale dumping of e-waste containing significant concentrations of REE are summarized. New strategies for the future supply of REE including recent developments in the extraction of REE from coal fired ash and recycling from e-waste are presented. Recent developments in individual REE separation technologies in both metallurgical and recycling operations have been highlighted. An outline of the analytical methods for their precise and accurate determinations required in all these studies, such as, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), glow discharge mass spectrometry (GD-MS), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (including ICP-MS, ICP-TOF-MS, HR-ICP-MS with laser ablation as well as solution nebulization) and other instrumental techniques, in different types of materials are presented.

Rare earth elements:A review of applications, occurrence, exploration, analysis, recycling, and environmental impact

Review on nano zerovalent iron (nZVI): From synthesis to environmental applications

Zinc oxide particles: Synthesis, properties and applications

Utilization of steel slag for Portland cement clinker production.

Concrete is a poor conductor of heat, but can suffer considerable damage when exposed to fire. Unraveling the heating history of concrete is important to forensic research or to determine whether a fire-exposed concrete structure and its components are still structurally sound. Assessment of fire-damage concrete structures usually starts with visual observation of color change, cracking and spalling. On heating, a change in color from normal to pink is often observed and this is useful since it coincides with the onset of significant loss of concrete strength. This paper presents results of cores strength, as well as, optical microscopy investigations of fire-damaged concrete. Samples were taken from concrete that had been exposed to fire. Optical microscopy has focused on microstructure of cement paste, aggregates, microvoids and cracks, as well as, on quantification the crack patterns found in heated concrete samples. The physical condition of concrete sample in combination with the microscopic examination, enable a petrographer to make a reasonable estimation of the minimum exposure temperature and its relative impact to the depth of damage in concrete.

Petros Tsakiridis

Papers

Utilization of steel slag for Portland cement clinker production.

Microstructure of fire-damaged concrete. A case study

Red mud addition in the raw meal for the production of Portland cement clinker.

Properties and hydration of blended cements with steelmaking slag

Hydrometallurgical process for zinc recovery from electric arc furnace dust (EAFD): Part I: Characterization and leaching by diluted sulphuric acid