The authors used theoretical models to organize the diverse unemployment literature, and meta-analytic techniques were used to examine the impact of unemployment on worker well-being across 104 empirical studies with 437 effect sizes. Unemployed individuals had lower psychological and physical well-being than did their employed counterparts. Unemployment duration and sample type (school leaver vs. mature unemployed) moderated the relationship between mental health and unemployment, but the current unemployment rate and the amount of unemployment benefits did not. Within unemployed samples, work-role centrality, coping resources (personal, social, financial, and time structure), cognitive appraisals, and coping strategies displayed stronger relationships with mental health than did human capital or demographic variables. The authors identify gaps in the literature and propose directions for future unemployment research.

Psychological and physical well-being during unemployment: a meta-analytic study.

This article reports a meta-analytic test of a two-dimensional work stressor framework with respect to stressors' relationships with strains, motivation, and performance Hindrance stressors had a 

https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/20159696.pdf

A Meta-Analytic Test of the Challenge Stressor–Hindrance Stressor Framework: An Explanation for Inconsistent Relationships Among Stressors and Performance

Drawing on the ability-motivation-opportunity model, this meta-analysis examined the effects of three dimensions of HR systems—skills-enhancing, motivation-enhancing, and opportunity-enhancing—on p...

How Does Human Resource Management Influence Organizational Outcomes? A Meta-analytic Investigation of Mediating Mechanisms

This is an overview of what the authors believe to be every empirical research article into the linkages between HRM and performance published in pre-eminent international refereed journals between 1994 and 2003. The analysis covers the design of the study, including the primary level of analysis and the identity of the respondents; the dominant theoretical framework(s) informing the article; how HRM is conceived and operationalised; how performance is conceived and operationalised; and which control and/or contingency variables are incorporated. Finally, the article examines how each study depicts the so-called 'black box' stage between HRM and performance. It reports wide disparities in the treatment of these components, but also some welcome commonalities and indicative trends that point towards a gradual convergence on how future research into this complex relationship might usefully be conducted. The findings are compared with previous reviews of the literature. The analysis should illuminate the ongoing debate about the linkages between HRM and performance, and prove valuable for future research designs.

/pdf/commonalities-and-contradictions-in-hrm-and-performance-1mbxzpyrdr.pdf

Commonalities and contradictions in HRM and performance research

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to focus on the career of the burnout concept itself, rather than reviewing research findings on burnout.Design/methodology/approach – The paper presents an overview of the concept of burnout.Findings – The roots of the burnout concept seem to be embedded within broad social, economic, and cultural developments that took place in the last quarter of the past century and signify the rapid and profound transformation from an industrial society into a service economy. This social transformation goes along with psychological pressures that may translate into burnout. After the turn of the century, burnout is increasingly considered as an erosion of a positive psychological state. Although burnout seems to be a global phenomenon, the meaning of the concept differs between countries. For instance, in some countries burnout is used as a medical diagnosis, whereas in other countries it is a non‐medical, socially accepted label that carries a minimum stigma in terms of a psyc...

/pdf/burnout-35-years-of-research-and-practice-4fcnag51wq.pdf

Burnout: 35 years of research and practice

What Is Stress? Job-Related Sources of Strain Assessing Job-Related Strains A Special Form of Strain Job-Related Burnout Moderators of Stressor-Strain Relationships Coping with Job Stress Organizational Interventions Methodological Issues in Job Stress Research The Changing Nature of Work Implications for Stress Research

Organizational Stress: A Review and Critique of Theory, Research, and Applications

A cross-national comparative study of work-family stress

Objective. A global and systematic review of the available evidence examining the cost of
work-related stress would yield important insights into the magnitude and nature of this
social phenomenon. The objective of this systematic review was to collate, extract, review,
and synthesize economic evaluations of the cost of work-related stress to society. 
Method. A research protocol was developed outlining the search strategy. Included cost-ofillness
(COI) studies estimated the cost of work-related stress at a societal level, and were
published in English, French or German. Searches were carried out in ingentaconnect,
EBSCO, JSTOR, Science Direct, Web of Knowledge, Google and
Google scholar. Included studies were assessed against ten COI quality assessment criteria. 
Results. Fifteen COI studies met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. These originated
from Australia, Canada, Denmark, France, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, the
United States, and the EU-15. At a national and pan-European level, the total estimated cost
of work-related stress in 2014 was observed to be considerable and ranged substantially
from US$221.13 million to $187 billion. Productivity related losses were observed to
proportionally contribute the majority of the total cost of work-related stress (between 70 to
90%), with healthcare and medical costs constituting the remaining 10% to 30%. 
Conclusion. The evidence reviewed here suggests a sizeable financial burden imposed by
work-related stress on society. The observed range of cost estimates across studies was
understood to be attributable to variations in definitions of work-related stress; the number
and type of costs estimated; and, in how production loss was estimated. It is postulated that
the cost estimates identified by this review are likely conservative due to narrow definitions
of work-related stress (WRS) and the exclusion of diverse range of cost components.

/pdf/the-cost-of-work-related-stress-to-society-a-systematic-4ivfwbrpsz.pdf

The cost of work-related stress to society: a systematic review

Acknowledgements.1. From Early Beginnings to the 20th Century.Introduction.Hooke's Law and the Engineering Analogy.The 18th Century and Beyond.Summary of Themes from the 18th and 19th Century.2. The 20th Century - The Early Years.The Emergence of the School of Functionalism.Fatigue and Mental Hygiene.Psychosomatic Medicine and the contribution of Walter Cannon.Hans Selye.The Concept of Non-Specificity.General Adaptation Syndrome.Eustress, Distress, Overstress and Hyperstress.Physiological Aspects of Stress.The Work of Harold Wolff.The Protective Reaction.Summary of the First half of the 20th Century.3. From the 1950s to Richard Lazarus.Stress in the 1950s and 1960s.Stressful Life Events.The Social Readjustment Scale.Daily Hassles and Uplifts and the Debate that Followed.The Debate: Critical Life Events Versus Hassles and Uplifts.Personality and Type A Behavior Patterns.Towards the Study of Individual Differences.A Return to the 1950s and 1960s and a change in Focus.The History of Stress in Sweden.The Origins of Organizational Psychology.The Rise of Ergonomics/Human Factors.Summary.4. The Work of Richard Lazarus.Introduction.The Beginnings.The Berkeley Stress and Coping Project.A Historical Look at Appraisal.The Nature of Appraisals and the debate that Followed.Lazarus and the process of Coping.Ways of Coping Questionnaire.Lazarus and Emotions.Summary.5. Work Stress and Occupational Health Psychology.Introduction.Work Stress.Role Conflict, Role Ambiguity and the Search for Causes of Work Stress.Beyond Role Conflict, Ambiguity and Overload.Early Research Frameworks and Identifying Strains.Toward an Integrated Model of Work Stress.Work Stress and Coping.From Coping to the Self Help Years to Stress Management.Occupational Health Psychology.Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.Summary.6. What Do We Mean by Stress: From the Past to the Future.Introduction.From the Past to the Future.What does History add to Our Understanding of Stress?.Searching for the Organizing Concept of the future.Distinguishing Between Description and Meaning.Why Stress? Fulfilling Our moral Responsibility.References.Index.

Stress: A Brief History

This article reviews progress in the search for a ‘bundle’ of HR practices, using the work of MacDuffie as a starting point for the analysis of the concept of a bundle. The different methods by which bundles might be identified are reviewed and sequential tree analysis is presented as a possible alternative approach. It is then tested alongside factor analysis and regression on accounts of HR practices and aspects of performance provided by a sample of 1,308 managers. The results show that sequential tree analysis does identify a relatively parsimonious set of practices; these overlap partly with those identified in factor analysis and more extensively with those occurring in regression analysis but are more interpretable and therefore potentially more useful for policy-makers.

Philip Dewe

Papers

Organizational Stress: A Review and Critique of Theory, Research, and Applications

A cross-national comparative study of work-family stress

The cost of work-related stress to society: a systematic review

Stress: A Brief History

Using sequential tree analysis to search for ‘bundles’ of HR practices