Small but strong: A review of the mechanical properties of carbon nanotube–polymer composites

1. Advantages of Chemical Redox Agents 878 2. Disadvantages of Chemical Redox Agents 879 C. Potentials in Nonaqueous Solvents 879 D. Reversible vs Irreversible ET Reagents 879 E. Categorization of Reagent Strength 881 II. Oxidants 881 A. Inorganic 881 1. Metal and Metal Complex Oxidants 881 2. Main Group Oxidants 887 B. Organic 891 1. Radical Cations 891 2. Carbocations 893 3. Cyanocarbons and Related Electron-Rich Compounds 894

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Chemical Redox Agents for Organometallic Chemistry

We review the present state of polymer nanocomposites research in which the fillers are single-wall or multiwall carbon nanotubes. By way of background we provide a brief synopsis about carbon nanotube materials and their suspensions. We summarize and critique various nanotube/polymer composite fabrication methods including solution mixing, melt mixing, and in situ polymerization with a particular emphasis on evaluating the dispersion state of the nanotubes. We discuss mechanical, electrical, rheological, thermal, and flammability properties separately and how these physical properties depend on the size, aspect ratio, loading, dispersion state, and alignment of nanotubes within polymer nanocomposites. Finally, we summarize the current challenges to and opportunities for efficiently translating the extraordinary properties of carbon nanotubes to polymer matrices in hopes of facilitating progress in this emerging area.

Polymer Nanocomposites Containing Carbon Nanotubes

Carbon nanotube–polymer composites: Chemistry, processing, mechanical and electrical properties

This Account summarizes techniques for fabrication and applications in biomedicine of microfluidic devices fabricated in poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). The methods and applications described focus on the exploitation of the physical and chemical properties of PDMS in the fabrication or actuation of the devices. Fabrication of channels in PDMS is simple, and it can be used to incorporate other materials and structures through encapsulation or sealing (both reversible and irreversible).

Poly(dimethylsiloxane) as a material for fabricating microfluidic devices.

William E. Hatfield, 1937-1995 R.D. Willett. Part I: Basic Concepts, Models and Physical Techniques. Magnetic Phenomena in Molecular Materials F. Palacio. Exchange Interactions I. Mechanisms E. Coronado, et al. Exchange Interactions II. Spin Hamiltonians J.M. Clemente, et al. Localization vs. Delocalization in Molecules and Clusters. Electronic and Vibronic Interactions in Mixed-Valence Systems J.J. Borras-Almenar, et al. Magnetic Resonances and Spin Dynamics in Molecular Magnets D. Gatteschi. Optical Spectroscopy H.U. Gudel, H. Weihe. Neutron Scattering: Magnetic Structures and Magnetic Densities J. Schweizer. Inelastic Neutron Scattering H.U. Gudel. Part II: Magnetic Molecular Materials. Synthesis, Properties and Applications. Bimetallic Molecular-Based Magnetic Materials O. Kahn. New Magnetic Properties Emerging from Zero- and One-Dimensional Molecular Materials D. Gatteschi, et al. Metal Cluster Compounds. Model Systems for Nano-Sized Metal Particles L.J. de Jongh, J. Sinzig. Spin Transitions in Iron (II) Complexes. An Introduction P. Gutlich, et al. Magnets Based Upon Electron-Transfer Salts J.J. Miller, A.J. Epstein. Disorder and Dimensionality in Molecule-Based Magnets A.J. Epstein, J.J. Miller. Organic Magnetic Materials. Intramolecular Magnetic Exchange J. Veciana. Organic Magnetic Materials with Cooperative Magnetic Properties M. Kinoshita. Magnetic Properties of Organic Conductors and Superconductors P. Delhaes, L. Ducasse. Electronic and Magnetic Organized Soft Media P. Delhaes. The Photomagnetic and Magneto-Optic Effects C.J. O'Connor. Applications of Molecular Magnetism to Biomedicine. New Contrast Media for Magnetic Resonance Imaging R.N. Muller. Applications of Molecular Magnetism to Biomedicine, New Contrast Media for Magnetic Resonance Imaging R.N. Muller. Reports on Round Tables. Opportunities for New Physics in Molecular Magnetism D. Gatteschi, K. Yamaguchi. Design, Synthesis and Processing of Molecular-Organic and Inorganic-Magnetic Materials S. Decurtins, et al. Subject Index.

Molecular magnetism : from molecular assemblies to the devices

Nanocomposite materials were prepared from an amorphouspoly(styrene-co-butyl acrylate) latex as the matrix using an aqueous suspension of carbon nanotubes as the filler. After stirring, the preparations were cast and evaporated. The morphology of the resulting films was examined by scanning electron microscopy and a good dispersion of the filler was observed, except for the 5 wt% filled sample. The electrical conductivity and mechanical behavior in both the linear and non-linear ranges were analyzed. From conductivity measurements, a clear percolation threshold has been observed for a relatively low critical volume fraction around 1.5%. The mechanical characterization displayed a continuous reinforcing effect of the carbon nanotubes without lowering of the elongation at break up to 3 wt%. The thermal stability of the composites was strongly improved by carbon nanotubes loading. For instance, the terminal zone was shifted by 115 K with only 15 wt% of nanotubes.

Processing and characterization of carbon nanotube/poly(styrene-co-butyl acrylate) nanocomposites

Application of the Langmuir–Blodgett Technique to Polyoxometalates: Towards New Magnetic Films

Several series of heterogeneous materials composed of conducting carbon particles randomly dispersed inside a polymeric matrix have been prepared. The particles are a carbon black and short graphite fibers. The polymers are epoxy resins and a silicon elastomer. In each series of materials an insulator‐to‐conductor transition is evidenced in agreement with percolation theory as the volume‐particle concentration is varied. The piezoresistive effects of the materials are investigated under hydrostatic and uniaxial pressures. It is shown that the piezoresistance depends on materials composition, pressure, and carbon concentration. In each series, the piezoresistance increases rapidly as the concentration decreases towards the conductivity threshold. The range of pressure values over which the piezoresistance varies faster depends on the elastic properties of the matrix and on whether the applied pressure is hydrostatic or uniaxial. All these behaviors are accounted for by an extension of percolation theory in...

Piezoresistivity of heterogeneous solids

Coexistence of Magnetic and Delocalized Electrons in Hybrid Molecular Materials. The Series of Organic-Inorganic Radical Salts (BEDT-TTF)8[XW12O40](solv)n (X = 2(H+), BIII, SiIV, CuII, CoII, and FeIII; solv = H2O, CH3CN)

Pierre Delhaes

Papers

Molecular magnetism : from molecular assemblies to the devices

Processing and characterization of carbon nanotube/poly(styrene-co-butyl acrylate) nanocomposites

Application of the Langmuir–Blodgett Technique to Polyoxometalates: Towards New Magnetic Films

Piezoresistivity of heterogeneous solids

Coexistence of Magnetic and Delocalized Electrons in Hybrid Molecular Materials. The Series of Organic-Inorganic Radical Salts (BEDT-TTF)8[XW12O40](solv)n (X = 2(H+), BIII, SiIV, CuII, CoII, and FeIII; solv = H2O, CH3CN)