抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Economic Control of Quality of Manufactured Product.

基礎講座 電気泳動(Electrophoresis)

This paper investigates diagnostic techniques for electrical machines with special reference to induction machines and to papers published in the last ten years. A comprehensive list of references is reported and examined, and research activities classified into four main topics: 1) electrical faults; 2) mechanical faults; 3) signal processing for analysis and monitoring; and 4) artificial intelligence and decision-making techniques.

Advances in Diagnostic Techniques for Induction Machines

The spectral kurtosis: a useful tool for characterising non-stationary signals

In the context of the KAStrion European project, a complete solution was proposed in order to monitor wind turbines The developed solution comprises both hardware and software parts of the condition monitoring system In terms of software, modules for vibration analysis and electrical signal analysis have been developed The current paper presents the electrical analysis solution proposed in the context of this project The electrical module is able to detect both mechanical and electrical faults in a wind turbine system The goal of the mechanical fault detection using electrical signals is to confirm the faults also detected by vibration analysis, while the main focus of the module remains the detection of electrical faults Results showing the performance of mechanical fault detection are presented using electrical signals acquired on the test-bench developed for testing the KAStrion system Moreover, results regarding the electrical unbalance are presented using signals acquired on a three-phase transformer The final solution has been implemented on two onshore wind turbines since the end of 2014, and online condition monitoring results are presented at the end of the paper

/pdf/online-condition-monitoring-of-wind-turbines-through-three-jqbkg0s5hw.pdf

Online condition monitoring of wind turbines through three-phase electrical signature analysis

This paper describes how the use of a specific signal processing method can help understanding the EMI generation of a switched mode power supply. It provides an equivalent system between a supposed disturbance source and the actual EMI signal. To identify this system, the "Wiener filtering" method is applied. Both experimental and simulation waveforms may be used. This method is illustrated in the simple example of a boost switching cell. The application to more complicated power electronics structures with several switches is also possible

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00021518/document

Better Understanding EMI Generation of Power Converters

The wide spread use of the power electronic devices in the power networks are due to their multiple functions: compensation, protection and interface for generators. Adapting and transforming the electric energy, they make possible the insertion in the power network of independent generators and renewable sources of energy. However, because of their switching components, the power electronic converters generate current and voltage harmonics which may cause measurements, stability and control problems. In order to avoid the harmonic disturbances, a good knowledge on the harmonic generation and propagation is necessary. The understanding of the harmonic transfer mechanisms could make the harmonic attenuation more efficient, optimising the filters and improving the power electronics control.

/pdf/an-analytical-method-for-power-quality-assesment-applied-to-245rhnf7f8.pdf

An analytical method for power quality assesment applied to grid-connected power electronic converters

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy or ac impedance methods are popularly used for the diagnosis of electrochemical generators (batteries or fuel cell). It is now possible to acquire and quantitatively interpret the experimental electrical impedances of such systems, whose evolutions indirectly reflect the modifications of the internal electrochemical process. The scope of these measurement methods is to identify the frequency response function of the system under test by applying a small signal perturbation to the system input, and measuring the corresponding response. Once identified, and according to the application, frequency response functions can provide useful information about the characteristics of the system. Classical EIS consists in applying a set of frequency-controlled sine waves to the input of the system. However, the most difficult problem is the integration of this type of measuring device in embedded systems. In order to overcome this problem, we propose to apply squared pattern excitation signals to perform such impedance measurements. In this paper, we quantify and compare the performance of classical EIS and the proposed broadband identification method applied to a well-known impedance circuit.

/pdf/classical-eis-and-square-pattern-signals-comparison-based-on-52pqkwe2df.pdf

Classical EIS and square pattern signals comparison based on a well-known reference impedance

This paper describes how the use of a specific signal processing method can help to estimate and understand the Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) generation of a switched mode power supply. This method allows to estimate, from EMI measurements, the different transfer functions between each source of disturbance and the disturbances themselves. Thus, the EMI signals is decomposed and combined with independent source of disturbances. This method is based on the redefinition of the voltage source inverter switching states, and on the Wiener filtering theory. This new tool for fast EMI estimation and prediction is first described, and its performance is illustrated on simulated and measured data.

/pdf/emi-estimation-for-dc-ac-hard-switching-converter-using-w4rtslsclv.pdf

Pierre Granjon

Papers

Online condition monitoring of wind turbines through three-phase electrical signature analysis

Better Understanding EMI Generation of Power Converters

An analytical method for power quality assesment applied to grid-connected power electronic converters

Classical EIS and square pattern signals comparison based on a well-known reference impedance

EMI Estimation for DC/AC Hard Switching Converter Using Wiener Filter