A systematic review on silver nanoparticles-induced cytotoxicity: Physicochemical properties and perspectives.

WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality: Selected pollutants.

Due to their unique physicochemical properties, graphene-family nanomaterials (GFNs) are widely used in many fields, especially in biomedical applications Currently, many studies have investigated the biocompatibility and toxicity of GFNs in vivo and in intro Generally, GFNs may exert different degrees of toxicity in animals or cell models by following with different administration routes and penetrating through physiological barriers, subsequently being distributed in tissues or located in cells, eventually being excreted out of the bodies This review collects studies on the toxic effects of GFNs in several organs and cell models We also point out that various factors determine the toxicity of GFNs including the lateral size, surface structure, functionalization, charge, impurities, aggregations, and corona effect ect In addition, several typical mechanisms underlying GFN toxicity have been revealed, for instance, physical destruction, oxidative stress, DNA damage, inflammatory response, apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis In these mechanisms, (toll-like receptors-) TLR-, transforming growth factor β- (TGF-β-) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) dependent-pathways are involved in the signalling pathway network, and oxidative stress plays a crucial role in these pathways In this review, we summarize the available information on regulating factors and the mechanisms of GFNs toxicity, and propose some challenges and suggestions for further investigations of GFNs, with the aim of completing the toxicology mechanisms, and providing suggestions to improve the biological safety of GFNs and facilitate their wide application

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Toxicity of graphene-family nanoparticles: a general review of the origins and mechanisms

Oral toxicity of silver ions, silver nanoparticles and colloidal silver - A review

(Intra)cellular stability of inorganic nanoparticles: effects on cytotoxicity, particle functionality, and biomedical applications.

Objectives: Risk assessment is a tool for predicting and reducing uncertainty related to the effects of future activities Probability approaches are the main elements in risk assessment, but confusion about the interpretation and use of assessment factors often undermines the message of the analyses The aim of this study is to provide a guideline for systematic reduction plans regarding uncertainty in risk assessment Methods: Articles and reports were collected online using the key words "uncertainty analysis" on risk assessment Uncertainty analysis was conducted based on reports focusing on procedures for analysis methods by the World Health Organization (WHO) and US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) In addition, case studies were performed in order to verify suggested methods qualitatively and quantitatively with exposure data, including measured data on toluene and styrene in residential spaces and multi-use facilities Results: Based on an analysis of the data on uncertainty, three major factors including scenario, model, and parameters were identified as the main sources of uncertainty, and tiered approaches were determined In the case study, the risk of toluene and styrene was evaluated and the most influential factors were also determined Five reduction plans were presented: providing standard guidelines, using reliable exposure factors, possessing quality controls for analysis and scientific expertise, and introducing a peer review system Conclusion: In this study, we established a method for reducing uncertainty by taking into account the major factors Also, we showed a method for uncertainty analysis with tiered approaches However, uncertainties are difficult to define because they are generated by many factors Therefore, further studies are needed for the development of technical guidelines based on the representative scenario, model, and parameters developed in this study

Pilje Kim

Papers

Uncertainty Analysis and Application to Risk Assessment

Comparison of Acute Toxicity Sensitivity of Potassium Dichromate to the Larva Neocaridina denticulata, Daphnia magna and the Juvenile Oryzias latipes

Toxicity Prediction using Three Quantitative Structure-activity Relationship (QSAR) Programs (TOPKAT®, Derek®, OECD toolbox)

Screening tools and assessment strategy of PBT compounds

Ring Test as Acute Toxicity Test with Korean Freshwater Shrimp, Neocaridina denticulata using 3,4-Dichloroaniline